Back in May 2023, Gholian was convicted by the Tehran Revolutionary Court on charges of “insulting the Supreme Leader of Iran,” resulting in a two-year sentence that included a period of custody. Along with the imprisonment, she was subjected to a ban on joining political or social groups, restrictions on cell phone usage, and a two-year prohibition from entering Tehran and adjacent provinces.

After her release from Evin Prison, Gholian was re-arrested on March 15, 2023, while traveling from Tehran to Dezful. Initially detained in Ward 209 of Evin Prison, she was later transferred to the Women’s Ward of the facility four days later.

Adding to her legal troubles, on July 19, 2023, Gholian received a summons to appear in criminal court. This came as a result of a complaint filed against her by Ameneh Sadat Zabih Pour Ahmadi, an IRIB reporter and security interrogator, accusing Gholian of “disturbing public opinion through the dissemination of false information” on the internet.

It is important to note that Gholian has a history of previous arrests and convictions linked to her activism.