On December 24, 2022, the Rasht Revolutionary Court held the first court session against Ali (Makan) Davari, accused of the charges of ‘enmity against God’ (Moharebeh) and ‘spreading corruption on earth.’ Davari, a resident of Langarud, was arrested over protests and is currently in pre-trial detention at Ezbaram Lahijan Prison, Gilan Province.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, on December 24, 2022, Ali (Makan) Davari’s trial began by the Rasht Revolutionary Court.
An informed source close to his family told HRANA: “In the first week of nationwide protests, on the way returning home from the gym, Makan helped several women in rescuing themselves from the assault of a group of men who later he found out that they were plainclothes security agents.”
According to this informed source, Davari’s mother, who is suffering from leukemia, was physically pushed and assaulted by the agents in the Langarud courthouse, where she had been to inquire about his son’s condition.
“In the first days following his arrest, they promised him and his family to drop the charges on the condition his family would not publicize his arrest and the charges. However, after three months, they did not keep their promise,” the informed source added.
In recent months, many protestors have faced charges such as Moharebeh and “spreading corruption on earth,” which can result in death.
HRANA has detailed the legal cases of 58 citizens sentenced to death or under the impending threat of death sentence over protests. Read this report here.
The Revolutionary Court of Sari sentenced Mehdi Mohammadi-Fard to death on the charges of “spreading corruption on earth” and “enmity against God (Moharebeh).” He was previously arrested at protests in Nowshahr.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Mehdi Mohammadi-Fard, age 18, was sentenced to death (two times for two counts).
Along with this death sentence, Mohammadi-Fard received six months for “propaganda against the regime,” two years for “inciting people to murder and disrupt national security,” and one year for “insulting the Supreme Leader of Iran.”
According to a report obtained by HRANA, Mohammadi-Fard has been denied the right to choose his lawyer. Also, an informed source told HRANA that all his confessions had been extracted under torture and ill-treatment.
Mohammadi-Fard was arrested at protests on September 30, 2022, in Nowshahr.
HRANA has detailed the legal cases of 58 citizens sentenced to death or under the impending threat of death sentence over protests. Read this report here.
Dozens of Iranian people arrested at recent protests either have been sentenced to death or have faced charges such as “armed insurrection against the regime (Baghi)”, “enmity against God (Moharebeh)”, or “spreading corruption on the earth”. Charges which may result in death penalty. At the time of this writing, 2 protestors have been executed, 11 others have been sentenced to death and 47 others are facing charges that could lead to death sentences. This report provides the legal case details of 58 of these individuals.
Several arrested individuals have been accused of “leading protests” by the Judicial officials. Allegations that have resulted in charges such as Baghi, Moharebeh, and Spreading Corruption on earth.
At the time of this writing, HRANA can verify the issuance of 11 death sentences against imprisoned protestors as enlisted in this report. The other 47 people listed below are under the impending threat of death sentence.
Due to the lack of transparency in the judicial process, in many cases opened by security institutions against the protestors, the identities of some co-defendants remain undisclosed. For example, reports obtained by HRANA about a legal case over an incident during protests in the Ekbatan town of Tehran that led to the death of a Basij Militia agent, Arman Aliverdi, indicate that there are nine co-defendants. Nonetheless, HRANA has been able to identify only two of them. Similarly, in another legal case regarding protests in two neighborhoods in Isfahan that led to the death of three security forces (Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi, and two Basij Militia individuals Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi), HRANA could identify only 6 out of 10 co-defendants.
It is worth noting that at the time of this writing, the executions of two protestors, Mohsen Shekari and Majid-Reza Rahnavard, were carried out following an extremely quick and non-transparent judicial process, Mohsen and Majid-Reza did not even have access to chosen lawyers at their trials. Mohsen Shekari was executed in Tehran after 74 days of detention on December 8, 2022, and Majid-Reza Rahnavard was publicly executed by being hanged in Mashhad on December 12, 2022, only 23 days after his arrest.
The following enlists legal case details of 58 detainees who are either sentenced to death or at risk of receiving a death sentence.
Mahan Sadrat Marni
1. Mahan Sadrat Marni (Madani)
Case Name: Tehran Protests (Sadrat Marni vs Mohammad-Reza Qanbartalab) Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) Other charges:(as stated by judicial authorities)
blocking the street, setting fire to Qanbartalab ‘s motorcycle and smashing his cell phone. Stabbing intentionally Qanbartalab. The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court/ temporary suspension of execution of the sentence /The case delivered to Branch 9 of the Supreme Court
Sahand Nour-Mohammadzadeh
2. Sahand Nour-Mohammadzadeh Case Name: Tehran Protests ( Ashrafi Esfahani Expressway) Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) Other charges: (as stated by judicial authorities)
Blocking the Ashrafi Esfahani Expressway by dismantling the street fences and burning the car tires and trash containers. The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 29 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Mohammad Ghobadloo
3. Mohammad Ghobadloo Case Name: Tehran Protests Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth Other charges: (as stated by judicial authorities)
Running over the police by car which leading to the death of chief warrant officer Farid Karampour and injuring of five other police agents. The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court/ reviewing the case in Branch 1 of the Criminal Court.
Mohammad Boroughani
4. Mohammad Boroughani Case Name: Tehran Protests (fire in the Pakdasht governorate building) Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God ( Moharebeh) (the first defendant) Other charges: (as stated by judicial authorities)
Using a cold weapon, setting fire to the Pakdasht governorate building and injuring a police officer. The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Manuchehr Mehman-Navaz
5. Manuchehr Mehman-Navaz Case Name: Tehran Protests (fire in Qarchak District administration) Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God ( Moharebeh) (the first defendant) Other charges: (as stated by judicial authorities)
Arson attacks on buildings to confront the regime. Assembly and collusion against national security. Disturbing public order by creating unrest and chaos. Participating in illegal protests, throwing Molotov cocktails toward the premises of Qarchak District administration, its security room and six vehicles. The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Mohammad-Mehdi Karami
6. Mohammad-Mehdi Karami Case Name: The incidents on the 40th day of Hadis Najafi’s death led to the death of a Basij Militia force Ruhollah Ajamian Province: Alborz The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth (the first defendant) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Acting against national security; Assaulting Basij forces, Assembly and collusion against national security; Spreading the calls for protest on the Internet The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Alborz Revolutionary Court/ the case delivered to the Supreme Court of Iran
Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini
7. Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini Case Name: The incidents on the 40th day of Hadis Najafi’s death led to the death of a Basij Militia force Ruhollah Ajamian Province: Alborz The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth (the second defendant) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Acting against national security; Assaulting Basij forces and the police, Assembly and collusion against national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Alborz Revolutionary Court/ the case delivered to the Supreme Court of Iran
Hossein Mohammadi
8. Hossein Mohammadi Case Name: The incidents on the 40th day of Hadis Najafi’s death led to the death of a Basij Militia force Ruhollah Ajamian Province: Alborz The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Acting against national security; Assembly and collusion against national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Alborz Revolutionary Court/ the case delivered to the Supreme Court of Iran
Reza Arya
9. Reza Arya Case Name: The incidents on the 40th day of Hadis Najafi’s death led to the death of a Basij Militia force Ruhollah Ajamian Province: Alborz The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Acting against national security; Assaulting Basij forces and the police; disturbing public order; Assembly and collusion against national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Alborz Revolutionary Court/ the case delivered to the Supreme Court of Iran
Hamid Ghara-Hassanlu
10. Hamid Ghara-Hasanlu Case Name: The incidents on the 40th day of Hadis Najafi’s death led to the death of a Basij Militia force Ruhollah Ajamian Province: Alborz The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Acting against national security; Assaulting Basij forces and the police; Assembly and collusion against national security; assisting in blocking the highway connecting Karaj to Qazvin The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Alborz Revolutionary Court/ the case delivered to the Supreme Court of Iran
Mohsen Rezazadeh Gharagholou
11. Mohsen Rezazadeh Gharagholou Case Name: Tehran Protests Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God ( Moharebeh) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Collaboration in setting fire to public property; disturbing public order, Assembly and collusion to act against national security; Making Molotov cocktails; Throwing stones at security forces The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
Briefed on charges and indicted by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
12.Abolfazl Mehri Hossein Hajiloo Case Name: Tehran Protests Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Fighting against the regime Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Setting fire to public property; disturbing public order The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
Briefed on charges and indicted by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Saeed Shirazi
13. Saeed Shirazi
Case Name: Tehran Protests Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Spreading corruption on earth Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Inciting people to violence and committing crimes against national security and disturbing the public order The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
Briefed on charges and indicted by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Saman Seydi
14. Saman Seyedi (Yasin) Case Name: Tehran Protests The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Using Colt firearm and shooting three times; Assembly and collusion against national security The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
Briefed on charges and indicted by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Toomaj Salehi
15. Toomaj Salehi Case name: none Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Spreading corruption on earth Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Spreading falsehood causing major damage; propaganda against the regime; forming and running illegal groups to endanger national security in collaboration with hostile counties. Disturbing public opinion on the Internet; inciting people to violence. The latest situation according to Judicial authorities’ statements:
Briefed on charges and indicted by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court
Amir Nasr Azadani
16. Amir Nasr Azadani Case Name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia individuals Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. The most serious charge: Armed insurrection against the regime (Baghi) (the fifth defendant) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security; assembly and collusion to commit crimes against national security. Assisting in enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
Saleh Mirhashemi
17. Saleh Mirhashemi Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
Soheil Jahangiri
18. Soheil Jahangiri Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
Saeed Yaghoubi
19. Saeed Yaghoubi Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
Majid Kazemi
20. Majid Kazemi Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed.
Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
21. Mehdi Mashayekhi Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
22. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
23. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan
The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
24. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan
The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
25. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Isfahan Protests in Mahallah Khaneh and Malek Shahr, at which, on November 16, 2022, Col. Esmail Cheraghi, Mohammad Hossein Karimi and two Basij Militia forces Mohammad-Hossein Karimi and Mohsen Hamidi were killed. Province: Isfahan The most serious charge: Unknown (under investigation) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Membership in illegal groups to disrupt national security The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Being indicted and impending verdict by the Isfahan Revolutionary Court
Akbar Ghafari
26. Akbar Ghafari Case name: Tehran Protests Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) Other charges (as stated by judicial authorities):
Killing a security force (the victim is unidentified) The latest situation according to the Amnesty International reports:
Indicted/ jailed in Great Tehran Penitentiary
Farhad Tahazadeh
27. Farhad Tahzadeh
Case name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa’s reports:
The case was delivered to the Urmia Revolutionary Court/ jailed in Urmia Central Prison
Farzad Tahazadeh
28. Farzad Tahzadeh Case name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa’s reports:
The case was delivered to the Urmia Revolutionary Court/ jailed in Urmia Central Prison
Dena Sheybani
29. Dena Sheybani Case name: Shahcheragh 2 Province: Fars The most serious charge: Assisting in (foiled) bomb plot The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
detained in uncertainty
Mohammad Khiveh
30. Mohammad Khiveh Case name: Shahcheragh 2 Province: Fars The most serious charge: Assisting in (foiled) bomb plot The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
detained in uncertainty
Eshragh Najafabadi
31. Eshragh Najafabadi Case name: Shahcheragh 2 Province: Fars The most serious charge: Assisting in (foiled) bomb plot The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
detained in uncertainty
Amir-Arsalan Mahdavi
32.Amir-Arsalan Mahdavi Case name: Shahcheragh 2 Province: Fars The most serious charge: Assisting in (foiled) bomb plot The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
detained in uncertainty in a Shiraz detention center known as Facility No. 100
Hesamedin Mousavi
33. Hesamedin Mousavi Case name: Shahcheragh 2 Province: Fars The most serious charge: Assisting in (foiled) bomb plot The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
detained in uncertainty in a Shiraz detention center known as Facility No. 100.
Milad Armoun
34. Milad Armoun Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb)- crime scene reconstruction process
Nastouh Nikkhah
35. Nastouh Nikkhah Bahrami Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb)- crime scene reconstruction process
Alireza Kafai
36. Alireza Kafai Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb)- crime scene reconstruction process
37. As-yet unidentified (Female) Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in uncertainty – crime scene reconstruction process
38. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in uncertainty in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb) – crime scene reconstruction process
39. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in uncertainty in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb) – crime scene reconstruction process
40. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in uncertainty in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb) – crime scene reconstruction process
41. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in uncertainty in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb) – crime scene reconstruction process
42. As-yet unidentified (Male) Case name: Protests in Ekbatan town of Tehran leading to the death of a Basij militia force Arman Aliverdi Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Assisting in killing a Basij militia individual The latest situation according to Judiciary news agency reports:
detained in uncertainty in the detention facility of a police station (Fateb) – crime scene reconstruction process
43. Meysam Mobarhan Case name: Malekan County Protests Province: East Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) Other charges: (as stated by judicial authorities)
Leading protests; setting fire to trash containers and car tires; setting fire to the I.R.I flag; making and throwing Molotov cocktails at security forces. The latest situation according to reports obtained by HRANA:
detained in uncertainty in Maragheh Prison
Ebrahim Rigi
44. Ebrahim Rigi Case Name: Zahedan bloody Friday 2022 Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) and “Spreading Corruption on Earth” Other charges: (as stated by judicial authorities)
Leading Protests The latest situation according to Haal Vash:
detained in uncertainty in Zahedan Central Prison
Farshid Hassan-Zehi
45. Farshid Hassan-Zehi Case Name: The attack on a police station in Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District on November 21, 2022, led to the death of the soldier Behzad Barahooi Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Haal Vsh:
detained in uncertainty
Jamshid Hassan Zehi
46. Jamshid Hassan-Zehi Case Name: The attack on a police station in Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District on November 21, 2022, led to the death of the soldier Behzad Barahooi Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Haal Vsh:
detained in uncertainty
Omid Hassan Zehi
47. Omid Hassan-Zehi Case Name: The attack on a police station in Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District on November 21, 2022, led to the death of the soldier Behzad Barahooi Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Haal Vsh:
detained in uncertainty
Esmail Hassan-Zehi
48. Esmail Hassan-Zehi Case Name: The attack on a police station in Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District on November 21, 2022و led to the death of the soldier Behzad Barahooi Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Haal Vsh:
detained in uncertainty
Behzad Hassan-Zehi
49. Behzad Hassan-Zehi Case Name: The attack on a police station in Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District on November 21, 2022, led to the death of the soldier Behzad Barahooi Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Haal Vsh:
detained in uncertainty
Karvan Shahi Parvaneh
50. Karwan (Hamin) Shahi (Shah) Parvaneh Case Name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa:
detained in uncertainty/ transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unidentified location
Shahram Marouf Mula
51. Shahram Marouf Mula (Bangini) Case Name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa:
detained in uncertainty/ transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unidentified location
Hazhar Hamidi
52. Hazhar Hamidi Case Name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa:
detained in uncertainty/ transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unidentified location
53. Reza Eslamdoost Case Name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa:
detained in uncertainty/ transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unidentified location
Ayoub Aghliani
54. Ayoub Aghliani Case Name: Oshnavieh protests Province: West Azerbaijan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to Kurdpa:
Detained in uncertainty/ transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unidentified location
Makan Davari
55. Ali (Makan) Davari Case name: unknown Province: Gilan The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) and spreading corruption on earth The latest situation according to the Center for Human Rights in Iran:
Detained in uncertainty in Lahijan
Sajad Iman Nejad
56. Sajad Iman-Nejad Case Name: Tehran Protests Province: Tehran The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Detained in uncertainty in Great Tehran Penitentiary
Reza Rasaei
57. Reza Rasaei Case Name: Sahneh Protests (incidents on anniversary ceremony of Seyyed-Khalil Ali-Nejad on November 18, 2022) The most serious charge: Enmity against God (Moharebeh) The latest situation according to the reports obtained by HRANA:
Detained in uncertainty
Shuaib Mirbalouch-Zehi Rigi
58.Shuaib MirBaloch-Zehi (Rigi) Case name: Unknown Province: Sistan and Baluchestan The most serious charge: Spreading Corruption on Earth The latest situation according to the reports obtained by Haal Vsh:
Sentenced to death by Shahid Nouri Judicial Complex, Zahedan
For further inquiries please contact Skylar Thompson, Senior Advocacy Coordinator Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA) at [email protected]
In the first hearing, Parham Paravari was charged with “enmity against the God (Moharebeh)” a charge that can result in severe punishment. On October 4, 2022, Paravari was arrested amid protests in Tehran.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Parham Paravari has been charged with “enmity against the God (Moharebeh).”
In a video published on social media, his father, Mazhar Parvari stated, “forty days ago, when my son was returning home from work, he was arrested by security forces in the street where protests were taking place. Since then, he has been jailed in Ward 209 of Evin Prison.”
Since the outbreak of nationwide protests, over 15000 people, including journalists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, have been arrested. For more details and statistics on the nationwide protest across Iran, read HRANA’s comprehensive report here.
On September 11, 2022, Dastgerd Prison’s officials executed two inmates who were previously sentenced to death on the charge of “enmity against God (Moharebeh).”
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, quoting Haal Vsh, on September 11, 2022, two inmates identified as Mehran Noor-Mohammadi, 27 and Hassan Mohammadipour, 27 were executed in Dastgerd Prison of Isfahan.
These inmates were convicted of armed robbery and shooting in 2016.
On July 26, political prisoner Khaled Freidooni was released from Urmia Prison after 22 years in prison.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Mostafa Nili, Freidooni’s lawyer, announced the release of his client from Urmia Prison on social media.
On August 31, 2000, Freidooni was arrested and charged with “acting against national security” and “enmity against God (Moharebeh) through association with an anti-regime political party”. The Revolutionary Court of Mahabad sentenced him to death. After three and half years, this verdict was reduced to imprisonment on appeal.
During this period, Freidooni was held in Piranshahr, Mahabad and Urmia prisons. In 2007, he went into exile in Rajai Shahr Prison. After ten years, he was sent back to Urmia Prison.
On January 16, 2022, for the first time after 21 years, Freidooni was granted furlough.
On Monday, June 20, 2022, political prisoner Firooz Musaloo was executed in Urmia Prison. He was taken from the public ward of Urmia Prison to an unidentified location prior to the execution.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, on Monday, June 20, 2022, political prisoner Firooz Musaloo was executed in Urmia Prison.
Musaloo was earlier sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Court of Urmia on the charges of “enmity against God (Moharebeh)”, and “membership in one of the anti-regime political parties.”
Yesterday, intelligence-affiliated Fars News Agency, quoting the Chief Justice of West Azerbaijan, claimed an inmate accused of killing two border agents was executed. Although this news agency did not disclose the name and other details, it appears to refer to Mualoo’s execution.
On July 11, 2019, Firooz Musaloo was arrested by IRGC’s Intelligence and transferred to a detention center in Urmia. On January 1, 2020, he was sent to Urmia Prison.
The most recent report from the Statistics and Publication Center of the Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA) states that between January 1 of 2021 and December 20 of 2021, at least 299 citizens, including four juvenile offenders, were executed. In addition, 85 citizens were sentenced to death in this period.
As the report points out, Iran’s judicial authorities do not publicly announce over 88% of executions. These unreported executions are known as “secret executions” by human rights organizations.
In recent days, at least ten inmates were executed in Rajai-Shahr, Zahedan and Mashhad Prisons.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, on Wednesday, May 26, 2022, at least eight inmates were executed in Rajai-Shahr Prison.
Four of these prisoners were identified as Abbas Bitarafan, Ali Nosrati and Gholamhossein Zeynali from the ward known as Darol-Quran in Rajai-Shahr Prison. They were charged with “enmity against God” otherwise known as moharebeh. Iran Human Rights Organization has identified two other prisoners as Ali Montazeri and Vahid Mian-Abadi.
Additionally, Rasank News reported the execution of an inmate identified as Abdollah Barahooie in Zahedan Central Prison last Saturday. He was convicted of drug-related crimes.
Lastly, according to Rokna News, on May 22, an inmate identified as Elias Q, age 26, was executed in Mashhad Prison. On October 10, 2018, he hit a man with his car which led to his death. After a few hours, he turned himself in.
The most recent report from the Statistics and Publication Center of the Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA) states that between January 1 of 2021 and December 20 of 2021, at least 299 citizens, including four juvenile offenders, were executed. In addition, 85 citizens were sentenced to death in this period.
As the report points out, Iran’s judicial authorities do not publicly announce over 88% of executions. These unreported executions are known as “secret executions” by human rights organizations.
Branch 29 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran sentenced political prisoner Hossein Kheiri to five years in prison. He had been sentenced to death for “enmity against God (Moharebeh), through destruction of public property with the intention to defy the regime.” Once the verdict was revoked by the Supreme Court of Iran in mid-January of this year, the case was handed over to Branch 29. Recently, Mr. Kheiri was relocated from Evin to Rajai Shahr Prison.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, the death sentence of Hossein Kheiri was commuted to five years imprisonment.
Seven other defendants of this case, Majid Kahrari, Fardin Asgari, Nima Heidari, Milad Karami, Mahmood Karami, and two others were sentenced to a total of 34 years and 6 months by Branch 26 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran. The charges against them varied from “assembly and collusion to act against national security” to “enmity against God.”
Earlier, in reaction to the death penalty verdict against his client, attorney Babak Paknia stated that “there are many flaws in this case” and “the charge of Moharebeh does not fit the actions taken by my client.” He had expressed hope that the Supreme Court would reduce the verdict.
In 2020, along with seven other individuals, Hossein Kheiri, age 35, was arrested by security forces in Tehran.
Political prisoner Rahim Afravi has not been allowed a single day of leave in his 22 years of imprisonment in Sheyban Prison in Ahvaz.
According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, he has faced serious medical neglect in this time, and suffers from heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and pulmonary problems. Afravi recently contracted COVID-19, but was not dispatched to any medical center outside prison upon receiving a positive test.
53-year-old Rahim Afravi is married and the father of two children. In June 1999, security forces arrested Afravi when he was returning home from his workplace in the outskirts of Ahvaz City. Initially, the Revolutionary Court sentenced him to death on a charge of “enmity against God” (Moharebeh) and “acting against national security”. On appeal, the verdict was reduced to 25 years imprisonment and exile to Jiroft Prison.
According to an informed source, while he was in exile jail in Jiroft, his mother passed away. Family visitations were few and far between because of the great distance between the jail and the residence place of his family. After 13 years imprisonment in exile, he was relocated to Karun and then to Sheyban prison in Ahvaz City.
In August of this year, his request for release on parole and leave on furlough was dismissed by Branch 12 of the Revolutionary Court of Ahvaz.
