Update on Legal Status of Death-Row Protesters Ten Months after the 2022 Nationwide Protests

Since the inception of the 2022 nationwide protests, judicial authorities have handed down death sentences to 25 protestors thus far, with 7 executions having already taken place. While the Supreme Court of Iran has upheld the death sentence for Mohammad Ghobadlou, it has overturned ten other death sentences. The remaining seven death sentences were issued by lower courts and are currently awaiting finalization.

According to Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) reports, at least 25 protesters have been sentenced to death since the beginning of the 2022 protests.

Among them, Mohammad Ghobadlou’s death sentence was recently affirmed by the first branch of the Supreme Court of Iran. The death sentences of other protestors, Mansour Hout, Nezam’aldeen Hout, Ebrahim Naroui, Abbas (Mojahed) Kourkouri, Shoaib Mirbalouchzohi Rigi, Mansour Dehmorde, and Kambiz Khorout, were initially handed down by lower courts and are currently under review by the Supreme Court.

Additionally, the death sentences of Reza Arya, Hamid Ghare Hassanlou, Sahand Nourmohammadzadeh, Hossein Mohammadi, Mehdi Mohammadifard, Arshia Takdastan, Javad Rouhi, Saman Seydi (Yasin), Mahan Sadrat Marani (Madani), and Mohammad Boroughni have been overturned at various times. Their cases have been referred for review to another court branch. Some of these individuals have been sentenced to imprisonment or exile following the reversal of their death sentences, while the cases of others are still under review.

To date, 7 protesters have been executed.

Mohsen Shekari was the first to be executed on December 8, 2022. Four days later, Majid Reza Rahnavard was executed in public in Mashhad.

Mohammad Mehdi Karami and Mohammad Hosseini, two of the accused in the case known as “the murder of the Basiji Ruhollah Ajamian,” were executed on January 7, 2023.

In addition, Majid Kazemi, Saeed Yaghoubi, and Saleh Mirhashemi, three of the accused from the case known as “the Isfahan house,” were executed on May 19, 2023, in Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan.

According to reports obtained by HRANA, these 25 protesters have primarily been sentenced to death on charges of alleged “spreading corruption on earth” and “enmity against God (Moharebeh).” Many of them have been denied proper access to legal representation of their choice during the judicial process.

Some close relatives of these individuals have disclosed to HRANA that “forced confessions extracted under psychological and physical duress/torture by interrogators” have been presented as evidence during the trial.

Most of these death sentences were issued by judges such as Seyed Ali Mazloum, Seyed Mousa Assef Alhosseini, Abolghassem Salavati, Mohammadreza Amuzad, Iman Afshari, Seyed Hadi Mansouri, and Morteza Barati.

The Revolutionary Court of Tehran has issued the highest number of death sentences following the protests, with a total of 6 such sentences thus far.
The Revolutionary Court of Karaj and the Judicial Complex of Shahid Nouri (the public court of Zahedan) follow closely with 5 death sentences each.
The Revolutionary courts of Sari and Isfahan have each issued 3 death sentences, and finally, the Revolutionary courts of Mashad, Ahvaz, and Zahedan, have each issued one death sentence for the accused protesters.

Following is a list of the 25 protesters who received death sentences, along with information on their current legal status:

ghobadlou

1. Mohammad Ghobadlou – born in Tehran in the year 2000, arrested on September 22, 2022, sentenced by Judge Abolghassem Salavati, branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran
Lawyers: Mehdokht Damghanpour and Amir Raisian,
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on earth,”
Latest case status: confirmation of the sentence by the first branch of the Supreme Court of Iran.

2. Mansour Hout – born in Chabahar in the year 1995, arrested on September 30, 2022, sentenced by judge second branch of the Judicial Complex of Shahid Nouri (the public court of Zahedan),
Lawyers: –
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on earth” and “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final).


3. Nezam’aldeen Hout
– born in Chabahar in the year 2002, arrested on September 30, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of branch 2 of the Judicial Complex of Shahid Nouri (the public court of Zahedan),
Lawyers: -,
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on Earth” and “Enmity against God,”
Latest case status: sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final).

4. Ebrahim Naroui – born in Zahedan in 1997, arrested on October 3, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge, branch 6 of the Zahedan Revolutionary Court,
Lawyers: -,
Charge(s): “Enmity against God,”
Latest case status: sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final)

5. Abbas (Mojahed) Kourkouri – born in Izeh (birthdate is unknown), arrested on December 20, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of (unclear branch) Revolutionary Court of Ahvaz,
Lawyer: Davoud Shahvali,
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on earth” and “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final)

6. Shoaib Mirbalouchzohi Rigi – born in Zahedan in 2004, arrested on October 5, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of branch 2 of the Judicial Complex of Shahid Nouri (the public court of Zahedan),
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on earth,”
Latest case status:  sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final)

7. Mansour Dehmorde – born in Zahedan in 2000, arrested on October 3, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of branch 2 of the Judicial Complex of Shahid Nouri (the public court of Zahedan),
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on earth,”
Latest case status: sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final).

8. Kambiz Khorout – born in Zahedan in 2001, arrested on October 1, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified Judge of criminal branch 2 of the Judicial Complex of Shahid Nouri (the public court of Zahedan),
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “Spreading corruption on earth” and “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: sentenced to death by the court of first instance (sentencing is not final)

 

The protesters whose death sentences have already been carried out:

1. Saeed Yaghoubi Kordsefli – born in Isfahan in 1985, arrested in mid-November 2022, sentenced by Judge Morteza Barati, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Isfahan,
Lawyer: Mohammadreza Ensafdaran,
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Date of Execution: May 19, 2023

2. Majid Kazemi Sheykh Shabani – born in Isfahan in 1992, arrested on November 21, 2022, sentenced by Judge Morteza Barati, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Isfahan,
Lawyers: Mehrdad Atapour, Amir Shirian, Masoud Rajabi Siahboomi,
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Date of Execution: May 19, 2023

3. Saleh Mirhashemi – born in Isfahan in 1986, arrested on November 16, 2022, sentenced by Judge Morteza Barati, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Isfahan,
Lawyers: Abdullah Delavari, Mohammad Malmir, Seyed Saber Mohammadian,
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Date of Execution: May 19, 2023

4. Mohsen Shekari – born in Tehran in 1999, arrested on September 25, 2022, sentenced by Judge Abolghassem Salavati, branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran,
Lawyer:-,
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Date of Execution: December 8, 2022

5. Mohammad Mehdi Karami – born in Bijar in the year 2000, arrested on November 5, 2022, sentenced by Judge Mousa Assf Alhosseini, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Karaj,
Lawyer: Mohammad-Hossein Aghassi,
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,”
Date of Execution: January 7, 2023

6. Seyed Mohammad Hosseini – born in Karaj in 1982, arrested on November 3, 2022, sentenced by Judge Mousa Assf Alhosseini, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Karaj,
Lawyer: Ali Sharifzadeh Ardekani,
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,”
Date of Execution: January 7, 2023

7. Majidreza Rahnavard – born in Mashad in 1999, arrested on November 20, 2022, sentenced by Judge Seyed Hadi Mansouri, branch 4 of the Revolutionary Court of Mashad,
Lawyer: Mohammad Sarreshtedar (public defender),
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Date of Execution: December 12, 2022

 

The protesters whose death sentences have been reversed or are under review:

1. Mohammad Boroughni – born in Pakdasht Karaj in 2003, arrested in October 2023, sentenced by Judge Abolghassem Salavati, branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran,
Lawyer:-,
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: acceptance of the request for retrial at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

2. Mahan Sadrat Marani (Madani) – born in Tehran in 1999, arrested on October 12, 2022, sentenced by Judge Iman Afshari, 26th branch of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran,
Lawyer: Abbas Mousavi,
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: acceptance of the request for a retrial at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

3. Reza Arya – born in Tehran in 1980, arrested in mid-November 2022, sentenced by Judge Mousa Assf Alhosseini, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Karaj,
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,”
Latest case status: 10 years imprisonment following the reversal of the death sentence at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

4. Hamid Ghare Hassanlou – born in Tehran in 1969, arrested on November 4, 2022, sentenced by Judge Mousa Assf Alhosseini, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Karaj,
Lawyer: Ahmad Mollai (public defender),
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,”
Latest case status: 15 years imprisonment following the reversal of the death sentence at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

5. Sahand Nourmohammadzadeh – born in Tehran in 1996, arrested on September 23, 2022, sentenced by Judge Seyed Ali Mazloum, branch 29 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran,
Lawyer: Hamed Ahmadi (public defender),
Charge(s): “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: 6 years imprisonment and 10 years exile following an appeal to the Supreme Court of Iran

6. Hossein Mohammadi – born in Tehran in 1996, arrested on November 5, 2022, sentenced by Judge Mousa Assf Alhosseini, branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Karaj,
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,”
Latest case status: 10 years imprisonment following the reversal of the death sentence at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

7. Mehdi Mohammadifard – born in Nowshahr in 2003, arrested on September 30, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Sari,
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,” and “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: reversal of the death sentence at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

8. Arshia Takdastan – born in Nowshahr in 2004, arrested on September 21, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Sari,
Lawyer: -,
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,” and “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: released on bail following the reversal of two death sentences by the Supreme Court of Iran

9. Javad Rouhi – born in Amol in 1986, arrested on September 21, 2022, sentenced by an unidentified judge of branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Sari,
Lawyer: Soleiman Vatandoust (public defender) and Majid Kaveh (by choice),
Charge(s): “spreading corruption on earth,” and “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: reversal of three death sentences by the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

10. Saman Seydi (Yasin) – born in Kermanshah in 1995, arrested on October 1, 2022, sentenced by Judge Abolghassem Salavati, branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran,
Lawyer: Mohammad Esmail Beygi,
charge: “enmity against God,”
Latest case status: reversal of the death sentence at the Supreme Court of Iran and transfer of the case

 

Background on the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of 22-year-old Mahsa (Jina) Amini by morality police due to alleged “improper veiling” and her subsequent death during detention led to widespread protests in Iran. The protesters commenced the longest sustained widespread protests in the history of the Islamic Republic on September 17, 2022, with the slogan “Woman, life, freedom” and protested the laws, structure, and competency of the regime. Thousands were arrested and hundreds were killed in the crackdown on protesters by security/military forces.

For further inquiries please contact Skylar Thompson, the Director of Global Advocacy and Accountability at Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA) at [email protected]

 

Iran Protests: Arsam Mahmoudi Sentenced to Six Years in Prison

The Tehran Revolutionary Court has sentenced Arsam Mahmoudi, a Tabriz resident, to six years in prison. He was arrested in Tehran amid the 2022 nationwide protests.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Arsam Mahmoudi was sentenced to six years in prison.

Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, gave Mahmoudi five years for “assembly and collusion against national security,” and one year for “propaganda against the regime.” If the verdict is upheld on appeal, the first charge will be enforceable under Article 134 of the Islamic Penal Code.

Mahmoudi, 31, a civil engineering Master’s graduate, was arrested by security forces in Tehran during the 2022 nationwide protests in Tehran.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

Iran Protests: Three Members of Family Still Detained in Evin Prison

Nasrollah Fallahi and his son and daughter, Ardavan and Arghavan, are still detained in Evin Prison, awaiting further legal proceedings. They were arrested amid the 2022 nationwide protests.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, three members of a family, arrested amid the 2022 nationwide protests, are in detention in Evin prison with an unclear status of due prosses.

According to attorney Erfan Karam-Veisi, they have been charged with “enmity against God (Moharebeh),” “spreading corruption on earth through widespread actions against the country” and “assembly and collusion to commit a crime.” This lawyer said that judicial officials did not allow him to represent this family.
Also, an informed source close to this family told HRANA, “The Investigation Office has held two sessions so far. However, they have not yet been indicted.”
On November 3, 2022, Ardavan Fallahi, age 24, was arrested in Isfahan and his father, age 66, and sister, age 22, the next day in Shiraz. On February 12, 2023, they were transferred to Evin Prison in Tehran.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

 

Masoud Eslaminasab Jailed in Evin Prison

Masoud Eslaminasab, arrested at the 2022 nationwide protests, was transferred to Evin prison to start serving his seven-year sentence. He was arrested in October 2022 and detained in Great Tehran Penitentiary.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Masoud Eslaminasab (Bakhtiari) was jailed in Evin prison for sentencing.

Earlier, the Tehran Court of Appeals sentenced Eslaminasab to seven years in prison and four years of exile for multiple charges, including “arson and destruction of public property,” “assembly and collusion against national security,” and “membership in anti-regime groups.” On trial, he was acquitted of the charge of “carrying a cold weapon.”

Initially, Eslaminasab had received 21 years and six months for these charges.

On October 15, 2022, security forces arrested Eslaminasab at his house. The agents also searched his house and confiscated some of his belonging.

Eslaminasab was held for about one month in solitary confinement at Great Tehran Penitentiary. During detention, he reportedly was forced to make confessions to accept allegations such as ” enmity against God (Moharebeh) through assaulting a police officer.” However, the court dismissed the charge after the injured officer testified that Eslami-Nasab did not have any role in this incident.

It is noteworthy that along with Eslaminasab, dozens of other political prisoners and prisoners of conscience were relocated from Great Tehran Penitentiary to Evin Prison.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

 

 

Iran Protests: Yasin Moghadam Still in Detention for Over Four Months

Yasin Moghadam, arrested at the 2022 nationwide protests, is still detained for over four months in Sari Prison with an unclear status of due process.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Yasin Moghadam has been detained for over four months in Sari Prison, Mazandaran Province.

An informed source told HRANA, “Moghadam is held in a ward of prisoners of violent crimes in Tirkala Prison, Sari, for 133 days, with an unclear status of due process.”

On November 29, 2022, 20-year-old Moghadam was arrested by security forces. After 26 days, he was transferred from a detention facility to Sari Prison.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

 

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Iran Protests: Mehdi Dastani Sentenced to Imprisonment and Flogging

The Yazd Criminal Court sentenced teacher Mehdi Dastani, arrested at the 2022 nationwide protests, to one year in prison and 74 lashes, a ban from leaving the country and termination of service as a teacher.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Medi Dastani, a teacher and resident of Yazd, was sentenced to one year in prison and flogging.

Dastani received this verdict for “disturbing public order by creating traffic on the street and accompanying troublemakers.” This verdict was upheld on appeal.

An informed source told HRANA, “last March, Dastani was summoned to endure flogging and start serving his sentence.”

“He was acquitted from other charges due to the lack of evidence,” the source added.

On September 28, 2022, Dastani was arrested at nationwide protests by security forces in Yazd and released after three days on 700-million-toman bail.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

 

Iran Protests: Sina Kaki Sentenced to Imprisonment

The Kermanshah Revolutionary Court sentenced Sina Kaki to seven months and additional punishments. Kaki was previously arrested during the 2022 nationwide protests.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, 24-year-old Sina Kaki, arrested during the 2022 nationwide protests in Kermanshah, was sentenced to seven months for allegedly “propaganda against the regime.”

Kaki was also banned from leaving the country and from membership in political and civil groups for two years.

On November 21, 2022, security forces arrested Kaki over protests. Five days later, he was released on bail. On December 27, 2022, Kaki was re-arrested in Kermanshah and jailed in Dizelabad prison.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

 

Iran Protests: Student Behnaz Jamalzadeh Sentenced to One Year in Prison

The Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced Behnaz Jamalzadeh, a student at the Islamic Azad University, to one year in prison. She was arrested amid the 2022 nationwide protests.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, student Behnaz Jamalzadeh, arrested amid nationwide protests, was sentenced to one year in prison for allegedly “propaganda against the regime.”

On November 26, 2022, Jamalzadeh was arrested by security forces at her house. On January 23, 2023, she was released from Ward 209 of Evin Prison on bail.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.

Iran Protests: Journalist Ruhollah Nakhaei Sentenced to Imprisonment

The Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced journalist Ruhollah Nakhaei to two years and seven months.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, journalist Ruhollah Nakhaei was sentenced to imprisonment.

Lawyer Saeed Khalili informed the public that Nakhaei received this sentence for “assembly and collisions against national security” and “propaganda against the regime.”

Security forces arrested Nakhaei On September 23, 2022. After four months of detention, he was released from the Great Tehran Penitentiary on bail.

About the 2022 Nationwide Protests

The arrest of Mahsa Amini by Tehran Morality Police for her improper hejab and her suspicious death on September 16 sparked protests sweeping across Iran. During the nationwide protests, about 19600 people, including journalists, artists, lawyers, teachers, students and civil rights activists, were arrested.