Tag: HRANA

Two Prisoners, Including Child Marriage Victim, Executed

Posted on by . .
Executions, News
Choobindar Prison, HRANA, Marzieh Nayeri, Qazvin, Yousef Bagheri, zanjan, Zanjan Prison, مرضیه نیری

HRANA – On Saturday, August 8, two prisoners, including a woman who was a victim of child marriage, were executed in Choobindar Prison in Qazvin and Zanjan Prison. Both prisoners had previously been sentenced to death on murder charges.

According to HRANA, citing the Iran Human Rights Organization, on Saturday, August 8, 2026, a female prisoner who was a victim of child marriage was executed in Choobindar Prison in Qazvin.

She was identified as Marzieh Nayeri, 24, from a village located between Qazvin and Karaj.

According to the report, six years ago, when Nayeri was 17, her family forced her to marry a man named Davoud. In early October five years ago, when Ms. Nayeri was 18, her husband returned home with one of his associates, a man named Alireza. According to the account presented in the case, Alireza approached her in the presence of her husband and attempted to sexually assault her. In self-defense, Nayeri struck Alireza with a kitchen knife, injuring him. She then killed her husband with the same knife. Following the incident, she went to her brother’s home, and four days later, he turned her over to the police.

The report further states that during the judicial proceedings, Nayeri said that she had previously been subjected to repeated attempted sexual assaults by her husband’s friends and that she used the knife on the day of the incident to defend herself. However, Alireza, who survived the stab wound, denied her account in court and claimed that Ms. Nayeri had been involved with another person and had intended to kill her husband. The court rejected her claim of self-defense and ultimately sentenced Marzieh Nayeri to death. The victim’s next of kin also declined to grant forgiveness.

Prisoner Executed in Zanjan

According to another report by the Iran Human Rights Organization, a prisoner was executed in Zanjan Prison.

The prisoner, who was hanged at dawn on Saturday, August 8, was identified as Yousef Bagheri, 30, from Zanjan.

According to the report, Mr. Bagheri was arrested approximately three years ago after committing murder during an altercation. He was subsequently sentenced to death by judicial authorities.

As of the time of this report, the executions of these two prisoners have not been officially announced by prison officials or other relevant authorities.

According to HRA’s Annual Report, in 2025 at least 2,063 citizens, including 61 women and 2 juvenile offenders, were executed. Of these, the sentences of 11 individuals were carried out in public. During the same period, 172 other individuals were sentenced to death.

Photojournalist Yalda Moayeri Sentenced to 15 Years in Prison

Posted on by . .
Freedom of Expression, News
HRANA, Tehran Revolutionary Court, Yalda Moayeri, یلدا معیری

HRANA – Yalda Moayeri, a photojournalist, has been sentenced in absentia by Branch 29 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court to 15 years in prison, the confiscation and seizure of electronic devices, including her cameras, a ban on cultural and artistic activities, and dismissal from any form of government service.

According to HRANA, photojournalist Yalda Moayeri has been sentenced to imprisonment.

In a post, Ms. Moayeri announced that she had been sentenced to 15 years in prison. Her court hearing was held in her absence in July of this year before Branch 29 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court.

According to Ms. Moayeri, the sentence was issued in connection with the charge of “activities in furtherance of the interests of the Zionist regime and the United States.” She was also sentenced to the confiscation and seizure of her cameras, photography equipment, and mobile phone, a ban on cultural and artistic activities, and dismissal from any form of government service.

“I have been sentenced to 15 years in prison, the confiscation and seizure of my cameras, photography equipment, and mobile phone, a ban on cultural and artistic activities, and dismissal from any form of government service, for the crime of engaging in activities in furtherance of the interests of the Zionist regime and the United States!”

The photojournalist did not provide further details, including other charges brought against her or the alleged conduct cited as the basis for these charges.

In January-February of 2026, her home was searched by security forces, who also confiscated a number of her electronic devices.

Yalda Moayeri, a photojournalist and member of the Association of Photojournalists, was previously sentenced by the Tehran Revolutionary Court in January 2023 to imprisonment and additional penalties, including performing unpaid public service as a street cleaner.

Moayeri has previously faced arrest and judicial proceedings in connection with her activities.

January 2026 Protests: Supreme Court Upholds Death Sentence Against Rasoul Rezaei

Posted on by . .
Executions, News
HRANA, Marzieh Mohebi, moharebeh, Rasoul Rezaei, رسول رضایی

HRANA – The death sentence against Rasoul Rezaei, a resident of Fariman and one of those arrested during the January 2026 protests, has been upheld by the Supreme Court. This political prisoner, currently held in Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad, had previously been sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Court in Mashhad on the charge of “moharebeh” (enmity against God).

According to HRANA, the death sentence against Rasoul Rezaei, one of the detainees from the January 2026 protests, has been upheld.

According to information received by HRANA, the death sentence against Rasoul Rezaei, a political prisoner held in Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad, has been upheld by the Supreme Court. He had previously been sentenced to death by a branch of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court on the charge of “moharebeh” (enmity against God).

As of the time of this report, no information is available regarding the specific conduct underlying the charge of “moharebeh” on which Mr. Rezaei’s death sentence was based. HRANA’s inquiries to obtain further information in this regard are ongoing.

Marzieh Mohebi, a legal expert familiar with the case, confirmed the news to HRANA and said: “Mr. Rezaei was arrested by security forces in Fariman on January 9, 2026. Since his arrest, he has been denied access to a lawyer of his choosing, as well as phone calls and visits with his family.”

Rasoul Rezaei, 28, is a resident of Fariman and the father of two children, ages two and five. Prior to his arrest, he worked as a street vendor to support his family.

Background on the January 2026 Protests

It should be noted that protests and strikes by shopkeepers and bazaar merchants began in Tehran on Sunday, December 28, 2025, and within two days spread beyond markets and commercial centers. With the participation of students, citizens, and various social groups, these protests became one of the largest protest movements of recent years. Following the crackdown by security and law enforcement forces, thousands were killed or injured, and tens of thousands were arrested or summoned by security agencies. For more information, readers may refer to HRANA’s comprehensive report titled “Crimson Winter,” documenting the first fifty days following the outbreak of Iran’s nationwide protests.

Ardabil Prison: Identities of 54 Citizens Arrested During the January 2026 Protests Confirmed

Posted on by . .
News, Prisoners
Abbas Kowsari, Ahmad Seifi, Ahoura Jafarzadeh, Ali Ahmadi, Alireza Hosseini, Amir Mohammad Zadehkhak, Amir Reza Sharifi, Amirhossein Baghermaleki, Amirhossein Habibi, ardabil prison, Behzad Majedi, Farid Hamzehzadeh, Farshad Soltani, Hossein Nemati, HRANA, January 2026 Protests, Masoud Norouzi, Mehdi Shirani, Mehram Azarm, Mehran Abbasi, Milad Ashkani, Milad Sabri, Peyman Dorvalizadeh, Sina Farzaneh-Vash, Teymour Ghaznavi, Yavar Farahmand, زندان اردبیل

HRANA – At least 54 individuals arrested during the nationwide January 2026 protests are currently being held in the security ward of Ardabil Prison. HRANA has confirmed the identities of all 54 detainees. Of them, 25 have collectively been sentenced to 49 years and three months in prison, while the remaining 29 continue to be held in judicial limbo. The following report examines their identities and the latest developments in their cases.

According to HRANA News Agency, HRANA has confirmed the identities of 54 individuals arrested during the January 2026 nationwide protests in Ardabil Province.

HRANA’s findings show that, of the 54 identified detainees, 25 have been tried by judicial authorities in Ardabil and collectively sentenced to 49 years and three months’ imprisonment.

Below are the names of these 25 individuals, along with the latest available information on the status of their legal cases:

1. Ahmad Seifi
He was arrested by security forces during the nationwide protests. He was subsequently sentenced by a judicial authority to five years and three months’ imprisonment on political charges.

2. Peyman Dorvalizadeh
He was arrested during the 2026 nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to three years and six months’ imprisonment.

3. Peyman Dorvalizadeh
Following his arrest and the opening of a judicial case against him, Reza Nabidoost was sentenced by a judicial authority in Ardabil to one year and six months’ imprisonment. He is currently serving his sentence in Ardabil Prison.

4. Yashar Soufi
Yashar Soufi was arrested by security forces during the 2026 nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.

5. Teymour Ghaznavi
Teymour Ghaznavi was arrested in connection with the nationwide protests in January 2026. A judicial authority in Ardabil sentenced him to three years’ imprisonment, and he is currently incarcerated in Ardabil Prison.

6. Ali Ahmadi
Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, Ali Ahmadi was sentenced to three years and six months’ imprisonment. He is currently being held in Ardabil Prison.

7. Mehdi Shirani
Mehdi Shirani was arrested during the nationwide protests in January 2026. After being tried in Ardabil, he was sentenced to one year’s imprisonment.

8. Amir Mohammad Zadehkhak
Amir Mohammad Zadehkhak was arrested by security forces in connection with the 2026 nationwide protests. A judicial authority in Ardabil sentenced him to two years’ imprisonment.

9. Alireza Hosseini
Alireza Hosseini was among those arrested during the 2026 nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.

10. Amir Reza Sharifi
Amir Reza Sharifi was also arrested in connection with the 2026 nationwide protests, after which a judicial case was opened against him. He was ultimately sentenced by a judicial authority in Ardabil to one year and six months’ imprisonment.

11. Yavar Farahmand
Yavar Farahmand was arrested by security forces during the 2026 nationwide protests. Following the issuance of a verdict by a judicial authority in Ardabil, he was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and is currently incarcerated in Ardabil Prison.

12. Abbas Kowsari
Abbas Kowsari was also arrested in connection with last year’s nationwide protests. A judicial authority in Ardabil sentenced him to three years and six months’ imprisonment.

13. Mehram Azarm
Mehram Azarm was among those arrested in connection with the 2026 nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and is currently serving his sentence in Ardabil Prison.

14. Masoud Norouzi
Masoud Norouzi was arrested by security forces in connection with the January 2026 protests. Following a ruling by a judicial authority in Ardabil, he was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.

15. Sina Farzaneh-Vash
Like the other individuals on this list, Sina Farzaneh-Vash was arrested during the nationwide protests and, following trial proceedings in Ardabil, was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.

16. Amirhossein Baghermaleki
Amirhossein Baghermaleki was among those arrested in connection with the 2026 nationwide protests. A judicial authority in Ardabil sentenced him to one year and six months’ imprisonment, and he is currently being held in Ardabil Prison.

17. Milad Ashkani
Milad Ashkani was arrested during the 2026 nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to four years’ imprisonment.

18. Amirhossein Habibi
Following his arrest, Amirhossein Habibi was sentenced by a judicial authority in Ardabil to two years’ imprisonment. He is currently serving his sentence in Ardabil Prison.

19. Farshad Soltani
Farshad Soltani was among those arrested during the January 2026 nationwide protests. Following the opening of a judicial case and subsequent proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment.

20. Hossein Nemati
Hossein Nemati was sentenced by a judicial authority in Ardabil to six months’ imprisonment and is currently serving his sentence in Ardabil Prison.

21. Ahoura Jafarzadeh
Ahoura Jafarzadeh was arrested during the 2026 nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment.

22. Farid Hamzehzadeh
Farid Hamzehzadeh was among those arrested in connection with the 2026 nationwide protests. A judicial authority in Ardabil sentenced him to six months’ imprisonment.

23. Milad Sabri
Milad Sabri was arrested in connection with the 2026 nationwide protests. Following a ruling by a judicial authority in Ardabil, he was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and remains incarcerated in Ardabil Prison.

24. Behzad Majedi
Behzad Majedi was arrested by security forces during last year’s nationwide protests. Following judicial proceedings in Ardabil, he was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and is currently incarcerated in Ardabil Prison.

25. Mehran Abbasi
Mehran Abbasi was arrested in connection with the January 2026 nationwide protests and was sentenced by a judicial authority in Ardabil to six months’ imprisonment.

Meanwhile, 29 other individuals arrested in connection with the protests remain in detention without having appeared before a court to face the charges against them.

According to HRANA, the identities of these detainees have been confirmed as:

Farhad Jafari, Reza Javid, Mohammad Reza Asari, Armin Nadiri, Arian Hamidi, Sina Hassanzadeh, Ali Besharati, Mohammad Jalilolghadr, Faramarz Neshat, Keyvan Baram, Faramarz Taghizadeh, Heshmat Rasouli, Avaz Rastgouyan, Mohammad Reza Agah, Reza Mirzazadeh, Mehrdad Zoodfekr, Mahyar Pour Ebrahim, Ali Abdollahvand, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Mir Mohammad Mohammadi, Mohammad Rahbari, Mohsen Najafi, Ali Nobakht, Meysam Abdollahi, Bahman Zohri, Omid Ganjeh, Alireza Karimi, Ahmad Khodaei, and Meysam Alizadeh.

All of them remain in judicial limbo, having been held without any court hearing on the charges against them. In addition, a number of these detainees have been denied the right to telephone calls and family visits. Their families have also faced numerous uncertainties and significant restrictions imposed by the relevant authorities while attempting to obtain information about their cases or seek their temporary release.

According to information received by HRANA, approximately 800 citizens were arrested across Ardabil Province during the January 2026 protests. Of these, around 500 were released within the first ten days after their arrest, while nearly 250 others were later released on bail. As a result, at least 54 individuals arrested during the protests remain detained in the security ward of Ardabil Prison.

A source familiar with the proceedings, who spoke to HRANA on condition of anonymity for security reasons, stated: “Jalal Afaghi, the Prosecutor of Ardabil, has objected to the sentences handed down to 10 of those convicted, considering the punishments too lenient, and has asked the Supreme Court to impose harsher sentences.”

HRANA had previously reported on the arrest of a number of citizens in Ardabil in connection with the January 2026 protests, as well as the publication of videos described as “confessions” by some of the detainees. It remains unclear under what circumstances those videos were recorded.

HRANA’s efforts to obtain additional information regarding this case, including the specific charges brought against the detainees, the judicial proceedings, and the authorities responsible for issuing the sentences, are ongoing.

Background on the January 2026 Protests

It should be noted that protests and strikes by shopkeepers and bazaar merchants began in Tehran on Sunday, December 28, 2025, and within two days spread beyond markets and commercial centers. With the participation of students, citizens, and various social groups, these protests became one of the largest protest movements of recent years. Following the crackdown by security and law enforcement forces, thousands were killed or injured, and tens of thousands were arrested or summoned by security agencies. For more information, readers may refer to HRANA’s comprehensive report titled “Crimson Winter,” documenting the first fifty days following the outbreak of Iran’s nationwide protests.

Six Citizens Arrested by Security Forces in Marivan

Posted on by . .
Freedom of Expression, News
Arya Maroufi, Havari Parvazeh, HRANA, Marivan, Pashtivan Tatar, Saman Khosravi, Saro Roshani, Zanyar Asvar, مریوان

HRANA – Today, August 6, six residents of the village of Ney in Marivan County, were arrested by security forces in the village and taken to an undisclosed location.

According to HRANA, citing Kurdpa, six citizens were arrested in the village of Ney, located in Marivan County.

The identities of the detainees have been reported as Zanyar Asvar, Arya Maroufi, Pashtivan Tatar, Saman Khosravi, Havari Parvazeh, and Saro Roshani. All are residents of the village of Ney in Marivan County.

According to the report, the arrests were carried out in a coordinated operation by security forces in the village early this morning.

As of the time of publication, no information is available regarding the reasons for their arrests, their whereabouts, or the charges brought against them.

Subscribe to Our Newsletter

Now is definitely not the time to stop reading!

January 2026 Protests: Naeim Lashkari’s Five-Year Prison Sentence Upheld

Posted on by . .
Freedom of Expression, News, Prisoners
HRANA, Naeim Lashkari, نعیم لشکری

HRANA – The five-year prison sentence issued against Naeim Lashkari, who was arrested during the January 2026 protests and is currently held in Greater Tehran Prison, has become final after he accepted the verdict. Lashkari, who had previously received a five-year suspended prison sentence in 2023 in a separate case involving similar political charges, is now also subject to the enforcement of that suspended sentence following his re-arrest. As a result, he is required to serve a total of 10 years in prison.

According to HRANA, the five-year prison sentence issued against Naeim Lashkari, one of those arrested during the January 2026 protests, has become final.

According to information received by HRANA, Mr. Lashkari was previously sentenced by Branch 29 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court to five years in prison on the charge of “assembly and collusion to commit crimes against national security.” After the verdict was issued, he waived his right to appeal in exchange for a reduction in sentence, making the conviction final.

A source familiar with the case confirmed to HRANA that Mr. Lashkari had previously been arrested in 2023 on similar political charges and received a five-year suspended prison sentence. Following his re-arrest, that suspended sentence has now been activated.

Accordingly, with the new five-year prison sentence and the enforcement of the previous suspended sentence, Mr. Lashkari is now required to serve a total of 10 years in prison.

Naeim Lashkari, a 25-year-old native of Bijar, was arrested by security forces in Tehran on January 3, 2026, during the nationwide protests. He has remained in Greater Tehran Prison ever since.

Twenty-Six Individuals Arrested by Security Forces

Posted on by . .
Freedom of Expression, News
HRANA, January 2026 Protests

HRANA – Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence has announced the arrest of 21 individuals in Kerman Province on charges of collaborating with Israel’s intelligence service. The ministry also reported that five other citizens were arrested in connection with the January 2026 protests and referred to the judicial authorities.

According to HRANA, citing Fars News Agency, at least 26 individuals have been arrested by security agents.

The Ministry of Intelligence stated that 21 individuals were identified and arrested during operations carried out by the ministry in Kerman Province.

According to the ministry’s claims, the detainees had collected information concerning sensitive and classified military and air defense facilities and transmitted it to Israel’s intelligence service.

The identities of those arrested, as well as the exact time and location of their arrests and their current legal status, have not been disclosed.

The Ministry of Intelligence also announced the arrest of five citizens in connection with the January 2026 protests, claiming that four firearms were seized from them. According to the ministry, the individuals were referred to the judicial authorities following their arrests.

The report does not provide further details regarding the identities of the detainees or where they are being held. No information is available concerning the status of their cases, their access to legal counsel, or the judicial proceedings against them.

While efforts to counter espionage are not, in themselves, considered human rights violations, such allegations are frequently met with skepticism given the Iranian government’s record of using espionage-related accusations as a tool to target political opponents, particularly when details of the allegations and the judicial process remain undisclosed.

Baha’i Citizen Sentenced to More Than 16 Years in Prison

Posted on by . .
News, Religious Minorities
HRANA, Moein Mohammadi-Dehaj, Yazd

HRANA – Moein Mohammadi-Dehaj, a Baha’i resident of Yazd, has been sentenced by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court to 16 years, 7 months and 18 days of discretionary imprisonment, 10 years of deprivation of social rights, and permanent dismissal from government and public service.

According to HRANA, Moein Mohammadi-Dehaj, a Baha’i citizen, has been sentenced to imprisonment and additional punishments.

According to a ruling issued by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court and formally communicated to Mr. Mohammadi-Dehaj, he was sentenced to a total of 16 years, 7 months and 18 days in prison. In addition, as supplementary punishments, he was sentenced to 10 years of deprivation of social rights and permanent dismissal from government and public service. Under Article 134 of the Islamic Penal Code, which governs the aggregation of sentences, only the harshest sentence, 12 years, 6 months and 1 day of imprisonment, will be enforceable.

According to the details of the verdict, Mr. Mohammadi-Dehaj received:

• Seven months and 16 days of discretionary imprisonment on the charge of “propaganda against the regime,” pursuant to Article 500 of the Islamic Penal Code;

• Three years, 6 months and 1 day of discretionary imprisonment, along with 10 years of deprivation of social rights, on the charge of “deviant propaganda contrary to the sacred law of Islam through the promotion of the Baha’i faith,” pursuant to Article 500 bis of the Islamic Penal Code;

• Twelve years, 6 months and 1 day of discretionary imprisonment and permanent dismissal from government and public service on the charge of “media and propaganda activities against national security,” pursuant to Article 4 of the Law on Intensifying the Punishment for Espionage and Collaboration with Israel and Hostile States Against National Security and Interests.

According to information received by HRANA, the convictions related to the charges of “propaganda against the regime” and “deviant propaganda contrary to the sacred law of Islam” may be appealed within 20 days of notification. The conviction for “media and propaganda activities against national security” may be challenged through an appeal before the Supreme Court within 10 days.

Mr. Mohammadi-Dehaj was arrested by security forces at his home in Yazd on January 5, 2026, during which several personal belongings belonging to him and his family were confiscated. He was subsequently released from prison on March 17, 2026, after posting bail of 50 billion rials (five billion tomans).

Moein Mohammadi-Dehaj is a 39-year-old Baha’i resident of Yazd who has previously faced arrest and conviction.

Over the past decade, Iran’s Baha’i community has been subjected to more security and judicial repression than any other religious minority in the country. According to HRA annual reports, an average of 62.41% of all reported violations of the rights of religious minorities during the past year involved members of the Baha’i community.

Six Citizens Arrested in Behshahr County Over Social Media Activity

Posted on by . .
Freedom of Expression, News
Behshahr, HRANA

HRANA – The commander of the Behshahr Police Force announced the arrest of six citizens for publishing content on social media. They have been charged with, among other offenses, “disturbing public opinion” and “propaganda against the regime,” and were referred to the judicial authorities after criminal cases were opened against them.

According to a report by HRANA, citing Mehr News Agency, six citizens were arrested in Behshahr County, Mazandaran province, due to their activities on social media.

The commander of the Behshahr Police Force stated that the individuals were identified and arrested following the monitoring of online activity by officers of the Public Security Police.

Hassan Ghanbari said that the charges brought against these citizens include “disturbing public opinion” and “propaganda against the regime.”

According to the report, after preliminary investigations and the opening of criminal cases, the individuals were transferred to the judicial authorities for further legal proceedings.

The report does not provide any information regarding the identities of the arrested individuals or where they are being held.

January 2026 Protests: Five-Year Prison Sentence of Amir-Mohammad Ahmadi Upheld

Posted on by . .
Freedom of Expression, News
Amir-Mohammad Ahmadi, HRANA, January 2026 Protests, امیرمحمد احمدی

HRANA – The conviction of Amir-Mohammad Ahmadi, a 19-year-old political prisoner and one of those arrested during the nationwide protests of January 2026, who is currently imprisoned in Greater Tehran Penitentiary, has been upheld by the Tehran Province Court of Appeals. He had previously been sentenced by Judge Iman Afshari to five years in prison, along with supplementary punishments.

According to HRANA, Amir-Mohammad Ahmadi, who was arrested during the nationwide protests of January 2026, has been sentenced to imprisonment and supplementary punishments.

Based on information received by HRANA, the Tehran Province Court of Appeals has upheld Amir-Mohammad Ahmadi’s conviction in its entirety. The 19-year-old had previously been sentenced by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, to five years in prison. In addition, he was sentenced to two years of travel ban and two years of deprivation of social services as supplementary punishments.

Amir-Mohammad Ahmadi, 19, was arrested by security forces on January 2, 2026, during the nationwide protests. He is currently being held in Greater Tehran Penitentiary.

HRANA’s investigation into the details of the current case, including the charges brought against this prisoner, is ongoing.

Background on the January 2026 Protests

It should be noted that protests and strikes by shopkeepers and bazaar merchants began in Tehran on Sunday, December 28, 2025, and within two days spread beyond markets and commercial centers. With the participation of students, citizens, and various social groups, these protests became one of the largest protest movements of recent years. Following the crackdown by security and law enforcement forces, thousands were killed or injured, and tens of thousands were arrested or summoned by security agencies. For more information, readers may refer to HRANA’s comprehensive report titled “Crimson Winter,” documenting the first fifty days following the outbreak of Iran’s nationwide protests.