Hundreds Killed and Injured: A Look at a Week of Israeli Attacks on Iran

HRANA News Agency – On June 19, the seventh day of military conflict between Iran and Israel, airstrikes on military and civilian infrastructure continued across various parts of Iran. At least two people were killed in yesterday’s attacks. Including yesterday’s casualties, the total number of deaths and injuries since the morning of Friday, June 13 (23 Khordad) has reached 2,694, consisting of 657 killed and 2,037 injured.

Over the past week, Israeli attacks have expanded to 21 provinces across the country, severely disrupting the daily lives of millions of Iranians. Banking systems, transportation, communications, and healthcare services have been disrupted. Citizens are facing shortages of goods, long queues, rationing, and widespread anxiety. Afghan migrants, patients, the elderly, and even pets have not been spared from the consequences of the crisis. Simultaneously, widespread internet outages, cybersecurity attacks, lack of transparent information, and ongoing security-related arrests have intensified public distrust and anxiety.

Geographic Scope and Timeline of Events

On the first day of attacks, several infrastructures and facilities in the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Isfahan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Markazi, Hamedan, Fars, Khuzestan, and Kurdistan were targeted.

On the second day, attacks extended to the provinces of Lorestan, Kermanshah, East Azerbaijan, Alborz, Zanjan, Hamedan, Tehran, Bushehr, Qazvin, Fars, Khuzestan, Gilan, Hormozgan, Isfahan, and West Azerbaijan.

On the third day, Israel attacked the provinces of Tehran, Alborz, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Fars, Alborz, and Razavi Khorasan.

On the fourth consecutive day of Israeli military attacks on Iranian soil, several energy infrastructures, military installations, and residential areas in the provinces of Ilam, Kermanshah, Tehran, Qom, Hamedan, Khuzestan, Zanjan, Alborz, Markazi, East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and Fars were targeted.

On the fifth day, the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, East Azerbaijan, Alborz, Markazi, Qazvin, Khuzestan, Hormozgan, West Azerbaijan, Razavi Khorasan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Hamedan, Bushehr, and Kerman continued to be attacked by the Israeli military. On this day, the spokesperson for the Red Crescent, without specifying the names of the affected provinces, stated: “Since the beginning of Israeli attacks, 21 provinces have been involved.”

According to HRANA’s report, on Wednesday, June 18 (28 Khordad), several infrastructures and facilities in the provinces of Zanjan, Fars, Tehran, Isfahan, Hamedan, Alborz, East Azerbaijan, Semnan, Kermanshah, Mazandaran, Khuzestan, Ilam, Qom, Bushehr, Gilan, and Qazvin were targeted. As in previous days, Tehran remained the primary target of the attacks.

Yesterday, Thursday, June 19 (29 Khordad), marks the seventh day of military conflict between Iran and Israel. On this day, infrastructures and facilities in the provinces of Markazi, Isfahan, Tehran, Fars, Alborz, Kermanshah, Kerman, and Lorestan were attacked by the Israeli military.

Military Equipment and Scope of Attacks

During the first three days of the conflict, the Israeli army announced that it had conducted over 720 airstrikes and targeted more than 60 locations. On the fifth day of attacks, Israel claimed that in three new waves of strikes, it had hit at least 40 targets.

In the investigations conducted by human rights groups, the principle of proportionality in the laws of war holds particular significance. This proportionality includes various aspects, such as the proportionality between targets and weapons. Based on information collected from reliable sources, the Israeli military has employed the following weapons in its attacks:

 
WeaponTypeModel/VariantDescription & Role
1HaropLoitering attack drone– (IAI Harop)Autonomous kamikaze drone that loiters and dives onto targets (especially radars). Used to suppress Iranian air defenses and communications by homing in on radar emissions.
2HarpyLoitering anti-radar drone– (IAI Harpy)Anti-radiation loitering munition designed to seek and destroy enemy radars. Older, fire-and-forget drone that crashes into SAM radar emitters. Complemented Harop in knocking out Iran’s SAM sites.
3F-35I “Adir”Stealth multirole fighterF-35I (Israel variant)5th-gen stealth fighter jet with Israeli electronics. Penetrated Iranian airspace undetected to lead initial strikes, targeting air defenses, command centers, and nuclear sites with precision munitions.
4F-15I “Ra’am”Strike fighter-bomberF-15I (Israel variant)Long-range heavy fighter(F-15E variant) carrying large payloads (bunker busters, etc.). Non-stealth, but high payload and range; used to bomb hardened sites like Natanz once air defenses were down.
5F-16I “Sufa”Multirole fighterF-16D Block 52+ (Israel)Versatile fighter jetwith conformal fuel tanks for extended range. Dropped guided bombs (e.g., SPICE, JDAM) on a wide array of targets (missile launchers, bases, leaders). Backbone of strike force.
6DelilahAir-launched cruise missile– (IMI Delilah)Standoff cruise missile (loitering munition) with ~250 km range. Can loiter and be retargeted in flight. Used to surgically strike mobile or well-hidden targets (radars, convoys) from afar.
7RampageAir-to-surface guided missile– (Elbit Rampage)Supersonic guided strike missile(air-launched rocket) designed to penetrate bunkers and hit high-value targets at long range. Difficult to intercept due to high speed.
8Blue SparrowAir-launched ballistic missile (ALBM)– (Blue Sparrow target missile)Air-dropped ballistic missileused as a pseudo-weapon. Released from aircraft to strike like a short-range ballistic missile. Provided Israel a way to hit distant hardened targets quickly.
9LORAShort-range ballistic missileLORA (IAI)Surface-launched ballistic missile(ground/ship) with ~400 km range and 10 m accuracy. Carries a 570 kg warhead. Used to hit fixed strategic targets (bases, infrastructure) at long range in opening salvo.
10SPICE-1000/2000Precision glide bomb kitSPICE family (Rafael)Electro-optical/GPS guided bombs(1000 lb or 2000 lb) that glide to target. Extremely accurate (<3 m CEP). Used to destroy buildings, runways, and other fixed targets with minimal collateral damage.
11JDAM BombsGPS-guided bomb (kit)GBU-31 JDAM etc.Joint Direct Attack Munition – a guidance kit for 500–2000 lb bombs using GPS/INS. Turns “dumb” bombs into all-weather smart bombs (~5–10 m accuracy). Formed a large portion of munitions dropped on Iranian targets.
12GBU-39 Small Diameter BombGuided glide bombGBU-39/B SDB I250 lb glide bombwith GPS guidance and pop-out wings (range ~110 km). Small warhead for pinpoint strikes on SAM sites, launchers, etc. Allows multiple bombs per aircraft hardpoint.
13GBU-28 “Bunker Buster”Laser/GPS guided bombGBU-28/B5,000 lb deep-penetration bombdeveloped to destroy heavily fortified underground facilities. Can penetrate dozens of feet of concrete/earth. Deployed by F-15I against Iran’s buried nuclear sites (e.g. Natanz).
14Spike Anti-Tank Guided MissileATGMAn advanced anti-tank missile developed by Israel’s Rafael company, featuring fire-and-forget capability. Using optical and thermal guidance, it can accurately target armored vehicles, military transport vehicles, and even light fortifications. In these operations, long-range variants of the missile have been used to destroy vehicles and buildings.

Latest Statistics on Casualties and Human Losses So Far

Since the beginning of Israel’s attacks on Iran, hundreds of military and civilian citizens have been killed or injured. The military or civilian status of a significant number of the casualties mentioned in this report is still under investigation.

The spokesperson for the Ministry of Health announced that since the onset of the military conflict between Iran and Israel, more than 2,500 of the wounded have been admitted to public and university hospitals. According to Hossein Kermanpour, of this number, about 1,600 have received outpatient treatment, and nearly 500 remain hospitalized. Additionally, 380 specialized surgeries have been performed on the injured so far.

This official did not comment on the number of fatalities or whether the deceased were military or civilian.

The statistics provided by HRANA, based on its network of volunteers and other non-governmental groups, show slight differences due to updates from newly received documents related to casualties in recent days, as well as the inclusion of yesterday’s two military deaths in the city of Abhar, Zanjan Province. The breakdown is as follows:

▫️Civilians:
Killed: 263
Injured: 335

▫️Military Personnel:
Killed: 164
Injured: 126
▫️Unspecified:
Killed: 230
Injured: 1,576

Total Fatalities: 657
Total Injuries: 2,037
Total Human Casualties: 2,694

During one week of Israeli military attacks on different regions of Iran, children — as one of the most vulnerable groups in society — have suffered extensive harm. Local sources and hospital reports indicate that a number of children have lost their lives due to the bombing of residential areas, seizures caused by fear, or injuries from collapsing debris. Some children, suffering from severe anxiety triggered by the repeated sounds of explosions, experienced seizures and died due to the lack of immediate medical care.

On the first day of the attacks, the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting’s news network announced that dozens of people in Tehran, including 35 women and children, had been injured following the Israeli strikes.

On Monday, June 16 (26 Khordad), the government spokesperson stated that in the first four days of Israeli army attacks, 153 women and children had been injured and 58 had been killed. According to him, among the fatalities was a pregnant woman who died along with her seven-month-old fetus.

Some state-run newspapers, referring to the psychological toll of war on children, reported instances of infants and children dying from seizures and severe injuries in medical centers. According to these reports, infants transferred to hospitals showed no vital signs, and some died after several days due to the severity of their injuries. However, these reports did not provide precise statistics on the number of child casualties and injuries over the past week.

While many areas are facing shortages of medicine, power outages, and an overwhelmed healthcare system, children have been deprived of even basic medical and psychological support. School closures, loss of parents or family members, and lack of safe shelters have created a critical psychological situation for many children.

yesterday, images and videos circulated on social media showing the evacuation of the “Ameneh Infant Care Center” by Welfare Organization staff and the transfer of infants and children to another location. This operation took place on June 16 (26 Khordad) following an Israeli military warning to evacuate Tehran’s District 3.

These events once again highlight the urgent need for the international community to address the humanitarian dimensions of the conflict and to protect children during wartime.

The table below contains the verified identities of some of the children who have been injured or killed in recent attacks. Further information and identification of affected children are still under investigation.

 

ProvinceCityDateKilledInjuredAgeIdentityNeighborhood / Location
1TehranTehranFriday, June 131–12 years oldAmirali AminiMahallati Street
2TehranTehranFriday, June 131–16 years oldParham AbbasiSattarkhan neighborhood
3UnspecifiedUnspecifiedUnspecified (between June 13–14)–12 years old––
4TehranTehranFriday, June 131–10 years oldMahya (Mahia) Nikzad–
5TehranTehranUnspecified (between June 13–14)1––Heida Zeinali–
6TehranTehranUnspecified (between June 13–14)1––Ayma Zeinali–
7TehranTehranFriday, June 131–9 years oldBaran Eshraghi–
8TehranTehranFriday, June 13105 years oldFatemeh Zakarian–
9TehranTehranFriday, June 131–7 months oldZahra Zakarian–
10TehranTehranUnspecified (between June 13–14)1–11 years oldSoheil Katouli–
11TehranTehranSaturday, June 141–17 years oldSeyed Hamidreza Sedighi SaberSattarkhan neighborhood
12UnspecifiedUnspecifiedUnspecified (between June 13–16)1–3 years old––
13TehranTehranUnspecified (between June 13–16)1–8 years oldTara Haji MiriPatrice Lumumba Street
14IsfahanNajafabadWednesday, June 171–13 years old––
15IsfahanNajafabadWednesday, June 171–10 years old––
16TehranTehranFriday, June 131–12 years oldMotahareh NiyazmandChamran Residential Complex
17TehranTehranFriday, June 131–11 years oldMohaddeseh AghdasiChamran Residential Complex
18TehranTehranFriday, June 131–9 years oldMohammadreza AghdasiChamran Residential Complex
19TehranTehranFriday, June 131–13 years oldMersana BahramiChamran Residential Complex
20UnspecifiedUnspecifiedFriday, June 131–8 years oldMohammad Hossein KhakiChamran Residential Complex
21TehranTehranFriday, June 131–10 years oldFatemeh NiyazmandChamran Residential Complex
22TehranTehranFriday, June 131–12 years oldAlireza NiyazmandChamran Residential Complex
23TehranTehranFriday, June 131–9 years oldZahra Bahman AbadiChamran Residential Complex
24TehranTehranFriday, June 131–5 years oldHanieh Bahman AbadiChamran Residential Complex
25TehranTehranFriday, June 131–2 years oldMohammad Ali Bahman AbadiChamran Residential Complex

 

The Shadow of War Over Daily Life: From Collapsed Services to People’s Desperation

As the unrest enters its seventh day, the civilian aspects of Israel’s military attacks on Iran have become increasingly apparent. Now, not only the targeted areas but vast regions of the country are suffering from the cascading effects of the crisis, including shortages of essential goods, disruptions to urban services, and abandonment of vulnerable groups. Field reports and citizen accounts received by HRANA paint a worrying picture of a growing humanitarian disaster and the inability of support structures to respond effectively.

Financial Crisis Amid War: Banks Unable to Operate

With the expansion of the conflict, disruptions in banking services and a shortage of cash have become serious challenges for citizens. Many bank branches have imposed a cash withdrawal limit of one million tomans (about $20 USD), which is insufficient for basic family expenses. Numerous ATMs are empty, and the inability to make online purchases has made it difficult for citizens to acquire essential goods. Simultaneously, cyberattacks on banking systems — especially on Sepah Bank and Pasargad Bank — have caused widespread financial paralysis and confusion.

Many citizens, needing cash to cover basic necessities or to leave affected cities, have been unable to access funds, compounding their hardships.

Transportation Collapses; Travel Costs Skyrocket

Public transportation in many affected areas has nearly shut down. Intercity travel has sharply declined due to a shortage of vehicles and skyrocketing fares, making travel impossible for many. According to one Tehran resident, the cost for a family of three to travel to Gilan province has reached eight million tomans — far beyond what most families can afford.

Abandoned in Crisis: The Isolation of the Elderly, the Sick, and the Disabled

In wartime conditions, the elderly, the sick, and people with disabilities have been left isolated. Numerous messages indicate that many of these individuals remain alone and unattended in their homes. Healthcare services face shortages of essential medications and disruptions in the treatment of chronic diseases, endangering the lives of thousands.

Intensified Livelihood Pressure: Rationing, Queues, and Rising Prices

As supply chains break down, stores face empty shelves, closures, or rationing of essential goods. Reports mention the rationing of items such as sanitary products, bread shortages, and street disputes over food. At the same time, prices of essential goods have doubled on average in less than a week.

Forced Labor Under Fire: No Protection for Workers

Despite security warnings and evacuation orders, some workshops and factories in high-risk areas continue operations. Workers, without legal protection and directly exposed to attacks, are forced to keep working. Field reports indicate that even during the early hours of bombardment, mandatory shifts were not canceled.

Afghan Migrants: On the Margins of Danger and Defenseless

Afghan migrants living in Iran are experiencing even harsher conditions. In addition to the direct threat of war, some face accusations such as espionage or denial of access to shelters and emergency aid. This situation has placed them in a double bind of discrimination and vulnerability.

Abandoned in Ruins: Pets, the Silent Victims

The lack of support infrastructure has made caring for pets extremely difficult under crisis conditions. Many citizens have been forced to abandon their animals or remain in unsafe areas because they are unable to transport them. This adds emotional and practical burdens to pet owners.

Conscripts: The Silent Forces on the Frontlines

Conscripts, who often have no operational responsibilities, have been forcibly kept at high-risk military sites during the war. Reports indicate a reduction in professional military staff at some bases and an increase in mandatory shifts for conscripts. Some conscripts have been killed in recent attacks, but official media have refrained from reporting their names or statuses.

Cut Off from the World: Communication Isolation and Family Anxiety

Internet outages and communication restrictions, especially in central regions, have completely severed family contacts with loved ones abroad. Families with members living in Europe, Canada, or neighboring countries are left in total uncertainty and anxiety.

Official Silence Amid Threats: No Guidance on Safety or Contamination Risks

State media continue to focus on military and propaganda activities without providing safety instructions or guidance for citizens. While global concerns grow over potential nuclear contamination, residents near sensitive facilities have been left without any training or official information, relying solely on social media and stressful personal communications.

Israeli Attacks on Iranian Civilian Infrastructure

In the first two days of Israeli attacks on various parts of Iran, numerous civilian, industrial, and medical facilities were targeted. In Tehran, one projectile struck the exterior of Hakim Children’s Hospital, which, according to the Deputy Director of the University of Medical Sciences, resulted in no casualties. In Ilam, the Musian Fire Department building was hit, and in Borujerd, the Farda Motors automobile factory was targeted, leading to massive fires and casualties. In Qazvin, the Alborz Industrial Park was struck, while in Tabriz, areas near the petrochemical facility were bombed. Explosions were also reported in Ashtianan (Lorestan province) and parts of Kermanshah.

In Bushehr, an Israeli drone targeted the Fajr Jam Refinery, which processes gas from the South Pars gas field — marking the first attack on Iran’s energy infrastructure during this conflict. Simultaneously, defensive and military activities were reported in cities such as Tabriz, Malard, southern and central Tehran, Pasteur, Chaldoran, Ahvaz, Urmia, Bukan, Bandar Abbas, Naqadeh, Shahroud, Isfahan, Maragheh, Ouramanat, Javanrud, Mashhad, Ravansar, and Shahr-e Rey (Fadaiyan-e Islam district).

The attacks on Iran’s civilian areas continued into the third day, Sunday, June 15 (25 Khordad), damaging civilian infrastructure in Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, Kermanshah, Kordan, Garmdareh, Baharestan, Bagher Shahr, and Kahrizak. Among the damaged targets were oil depots in Shahran, western and southern Tehran, MAPNA factory, SAIRAN, KAICO Kermanshah Company, Mashhad Airport, student dormitories in Keshavarz Square, various energy facilities, and one building associated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In Tehran, the most severe damage and defensive clashes were reported in neighborhoods such as Niavaran, Tehranpars, Mirdamad, Pasteur, Ekbatan, Saadatabad, Farmanieh, Shahran, and many others.

On Monday, June 16 (26 Khordad), the fourth consecutive day of conflict, Israeli attacks again targeted several civilian infrastructures. On this day, air defense engagements were reported in Bushehr, Qeshm, Bandar Abbas, Dehloran, Natanz, Tehran, Sanandaj, Tabriz, Kermanshah, Ahvaz, Bandar Anzali, Bostan Abad, Marand, and Malayer. Tehran experienced the highest number of attacks among all affected provinces. In and around Tehran, targeted areas included Khalazir village, Shahrak-e Gharb, Bidganeh, Vavan, Bagheri, Olympic Village, Mehrabad Airport vicinity, Azadi Square, Tehranpars, and the IRIB (state broadcaster) building.

On the fifth day, civilian and infrastructure targets in Tehran, Kashan, Tabriz, Nazarabad, Zarandieh, Khomein, Qazvin, Najafabad, Ardestan, Shahin Shahr, and Naein were hit. Targets included the IRIB building in Tehran, the Nazarabad Industrial Park, and Zaviyeh Industrial Park, as well as civilian areas such as Piroozi Street, Majidieh, Andarzgoo, Sablon Square, Velenjak, Pasdaran, Elahiyeh in Tehran, and Velayat town in Qazvin.

On the sixth day, civilian and infrastructure targets in Tehran, Ilam, Fardis, Karaj, Shahr-e Qods, Chalous, Tabriz, Shahroud, Zanjan, Qazvin, Abhar, and Shahriar were attacked. Damaged sites included the Parsian Resources Research Center in Zanjan, Tehran Nuclear Research Center, Ilam Petrochemical Complex, airports in Kermanshah, Tabriz, and Karaj, fuel storage facilities in Alborz province, and the TESA centrifuge production facility in Karaj.

In Tehran, numerous neighborhoods and areas were hit, including Piroozi, Sabalan, Sayad, Punak, Garmdareh, Bagheri Highway, District 18, Damavand Street, Lavasan Road, Aghdasieh, Jordan, Kurdistan Highway, Vanak, Kavoosieh, Nobonyad, Seoul Street, District 22, Chitgar, Shahran, Phases 2 and 8 of Pardis, Sadr Highway, Babayi Highway, Tehranpars, Afsariyeh, Simon Bolivar, and Lavizan.

yesterday, Thursday, June 19 (29 Khordad), marks the seventh consecutive day of military conflict between Iran and Israel. Civilian targets were again hit in cities including Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Kermanshah, and Kerman. Notably, yesterday’s strikes damaged the Khondab Heavy Water Reactor, the Arak plutonium production facility, and the Natanz nuclear site.

Methodological Note: The classification of targeted locations in this report as “military” or “civilian” is based on publicly available information, visible indicators, and testimonies from local residents. A definitive determination of the nature of these sites requires further verification through official documents, satellite imagery, and comprehensive analysis, which are currently not accessible. Therefore, this categorization is provisional and intended to provide an initial overview rather than a conclusive judgment about the nature of the targets.

Israeli Attacks on Iran’s Military Infrastructure

Over the past week, alongside civilian areas, numerous military infrastructures in Iran have been targeted by the Israeli army. In the first two days, military infrastructures in various cities were struck, including Tabriz, Malard, southern and central areas of Tehran, Pasteur neighborhood in Tehran, Chaldoran, the airspace near Ahvaz Steel Industries, Urmia, Bukan, Bandar Abbas, Naqadeh, Shahroud, Isfahan, Maragheh, the Ouramanat region, Javanrud, Mashhad, Ravansar, Malard, and Fadaiyan-e Islam district in Shahr-e Rey. Attacks were also reported on military bases and facilities such as the 2nd Tactical Air Base in Tabriz, Imam Ali Garrison in Khorramabad, the IRGC missile booster parts factory in Shamsabad (Tabriz), Imam Hassan Garrison in Mahidasht, the Isfahan nuclear site, and the Natanz nuclear facility.

On the third day of the conflict, Israeli forces targeted the Ministry of Defense, the Organization for Defense Innovation and Research, IRGC bases, missile storage and launch sites in western Iran, the Garmdareh radar site, a facility affiliated with the Ministry of Defense, the Tehran police headquarters, and the Bidganeh missile site.

On Monday, June 16 (26 Khordad), the fourth day of Israeli attacks, military targets included IRGC missile depots in Faraman and Dowlatabad (Kermanshah province), Fatemeh Masoumeh Air Defense, Mostafa Khomeini Garrison and Qiam Kushk Nosrat Pilot Training Garrison in Qom, an air defense site in Andimeshk, IRGC garrisons in Zanjan, Sardroud, and Marivan, the Alvand Khomein missile site, and a military garrison in western Tehran.

On the fifth day of the military conflict between Iran and Israel, targets included a checkpoint in the Kashan area, Hashemtiyeh Garrison, Al-Zahra Garrison in Tabriz, IRGC Quds Garrison in Shahin Shahr, an ammunition depot and Ayat Base in Vilashahr, Hashem Abad Air Defense in Naein, another ammunition depot in Ekhtiyariabad, and the 15 Khordad Garrison in Isfahan.

Yesterday, on the sixth day of the war, military sites attacked included Janbazorgi Garrison in Shahr-e Rey, a missile ammunition depot in Sorkheh Hesar (Tehran), garrisons in Parand, the Bidganeh complex in Malard, military facilities in Parchin, Imam Hossein University affiliated with the IRGC, Zeyn al-Din Garrison in Abhar, the IRGC garrison at Darvazeh Ghoran (Tehran), Imam Hassan Garrison, several other military bases in Kermanshah, the Law Enforcement Command headquarters near Vanak Square, the Sarallah IRGC headquarters, and the Meisami Base in Karaj.

The spokesperson for the Israeli army announced that last night, 40 of the country’s fighter jets targeted several areas in Iran with more than 100 munitions.

yesterday, Thursday, June 19 (29 Khordad), on the seventh day of the military conflict, southern heights of Shiraz, including Soltanabad and the IRGC garrison, the 84th Army Garrison in Badrabad (Lorestan), and the Special Forces Police Unit headquarters in Tehran were attacked. Other military centers in Isfahan, Shiraz, Kerman, and Kermanshah were also among yesterday’s military targets.

Communications Disruptions and Cyberattacks

From the very first day of Israel’s military attacks on Iran, internet disruptions have been reported across the country. Users from various regions reported severe slowness and an inability to access Cloudflare-based services. The situation worsened in subsequent days.

Yesterday morning, Bank Sepah’s infrastructure was targeted by a cyberattack, knocking the bank’s online services offline. The IRGC-affiliated Fars News Agency confirmed the attack and stated that fuel stations dependent on Bank Sepah’s systems might also experience outages.

In recent days, some citizens told HRANA they received suspicious text messages containing unknown links, suspected to be designed for espionage or cyber infiltration purposes.

Last night, IRIB (state broadcaster) live programming was briefly disrupted. The broadcaster’s public relations office confirmed that this was due to a cyberattack attributed to Israel.

That same night, the monitoring group NetBlocks announced that real-time data showed Iran’s national internet had been almost entirely shut down. The blackout was nationwide, effectively cutting off access to the global internet for users across the country.

In an official statement, the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology acknowledged the restrictions, claiming they were implemented to prevent Israel from exploiting Iran’s communications network for military purposes.

As of this morning, NetBlocks reported that Iran had experienced a full 24-hour internet blackout, describing it as the most severe communication disruption since the November 2019 protests.

Ongoing airstrikes and the prevailing security situation have forced the closure of Tehran’s Grand Bazaar, with many shop owners refusing to reopen their businesses.

Crackdown on Citizens

yesterday, state media reported the arrest of 30 individuals for activities in cyberspace. This includes 16 people in Lorestan, 8 in Yazd, 5 in Kerman (including one woman), 2 in Mahabad, 8 in Aliabad Katoul, 1 in Behbahan, 3 in Ardestan, Hassan Bagherinia (former faculty member of Hakim Sabzevari University) and his wife in Mashhad, and also Toomaj Salehi in Kish.

Including these latest arrests, the total number of citizens detained over online activity and publishing content related to Israel’s attacks on Iran over the past six days has reached 206.

Security Arrests

yesterday, Iran’s state broadcaster (IRIB) reported the arrest of a group of individuals in Yasuj described as “an organized network.” No details were provided about the identity or exact number of detainees.

The spokesperson for Iran’s law enforcement (FARAJA) announced that yesterday in western Tehran, a man transporting a large number of microdrones in his pickup truck was arrested. He also stated that an individual in Ashkhaneh, who had been photographing a wheat silo, flour factory, and other sensitive sites, was detained by the Intelligence Police of North Khorasan province.

Simultaneously, the police commander of Robat Karim reported the arrest of two individuals who, according to him, were photographing industrial complexes for Israel with the intention of causing harm.

The IRGC Intelligence Unit of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province also announced the identification and arrest of a team involved with microdrones.

The Ministry of Intelligence further announced the discovery of an arms shipment linked to opposition groups in Kurdistan and the arrest of one of their members.

On the seventh day of the unrest, the commander of West Tehran’s law enforcement declared that 24 people had been arrested on charges of espionage and targeted activities against the regime both in real life and online.

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Analysis

On the seventh day of the international armed conflict between Iran and Israel, growing concerns have been raised about escalating violations of fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. According to Article 51 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, the parties are obligated to distinguish between military objectives and the civilian population. However, reports of at least ten children killed in a residential building attack and the death of a worker at a horse stable suggest possible indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks.

Repeated targeting of sites with no clear military value not only challenges the principles of proportionality and precaution but directly violates the absolute prohibition against direct attacks on civilians, as stipulated in Article 48 of the same Protocol. Moreover, under Article 57, even if a military objective is located near civilian areas, parties are required to take all feasible precautions to minimize harm to civilians, including effective advance warnings before attacks — measures which often appear to have been neglected.

Human rights organizations have once again stressed the urgent need to halt indiscriminate attacks, safeguard civilian lives, and ensure unhindered access to emergency aid. HRA stated in its latest assessment, “Protection of Civilians and Civilian Infrastructure Must Be a Priority.”

HRA reaffirmed its commitment to documentation, legal analysis, and accountability in accordance with international humanitarian law, warning that continued indiscriminate attacks may constitute war crimes.

International Reactions to Israel’s Attacks on Iran: Global Consensus on Restraint and Concerns Over Escalation

Following Israel’s extensive attacks on Iranian territory, numerous governments and international bodies issued statements. Most condemned the attacks or expressed serious concern over the escalation, emphasizing the need for restraint, a return to diplomacy, and preservation of regional security.

Countries such as Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Armenia, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, China, Russia, Japan, Brazil, as well as the United Nations, the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), 21 Arab and Islamic countries including Algeria, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gambia, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have either explicitly condemned Israel’s attacks or warned of their consequences.

Many of these states, while reaffirming national sovereignty, called for an immediate end to the conflict and the protection of civilians. In Latin America, countries like Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua, Chile, and Bolivia expressed similar positions.

Overall, despite some variation in individual responses, there is a broad international consensus about the danger of further escalation and the need for restraint.

Emphasis on Compliance with Obligations

As the field consequences of the attacks expand, damage to civilian infrastructure and disruptions in emergency and medical services have worsened. These developments further underline the critical importance of adhering strictly to the principles of precaution, proportionality, and distinction in targeting.

International organizations and human rights defenders have reiterated the call for safe and unhindered access to emergency aid and protection of the civilian population. At the same time, the continued indiscriminate attacks without regard for civilians’ locations present a serious challenge to the legitimacy of the military actions by both sides.

The Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA), while continuing to monitor developments, has stressed the need for independent investigations, precise documentation of suspected violations, and legal accountability of all parties under international humanitarian law.

Visual documentation from the past week’s attacks, as well as yesterday’s assaults, follows:

Arak Heavy Water FacilityNear the Red Crescent Building – TehranWelfare Organization – Qasr-e Shirin
Payam Airport – KarajResidential Areas – TehranFarabi Hospital – Kermanshah
IRIB (State Broadcaster) Building
Tehran
Ministry of Justice Building – TehranNear the Red Crescent Building – Tehran
Destruction of Residential Homes
in Narmak – Tehran
Horse Stable – Kermanshah Ketab Square – Tehran

IRGC Intelligence Organization Announces Arrest of 12 Individuals

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Intelligence Organization announced the arrest of 12 individuals across six provinces in Iran, according to Mehr News Agency. The organization claims these individuals were planning to carry out “anti-security actions.”

In a statement, the IRGC’s public relations office alleged, “A network of 12 individuals collaborating with Israel, who intended to conduct anti-security activities in Iran,” was identified and detained by IRGC intelligence forces across the country.

The statement did not provide details on the identities or whereabouts of the detainees.

Inmate Yasin Abdollahi Executed in Zahedan Prison

Early Wednesday, September 29, inmate Yasin Abdollahi was executed in Zahedan Prison after nine years of imprisonment.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists, Abdollahi had previously been convicted of murder and sentenced to death. On Monday, 27 September, he was transferred to a solitary confinement cell in Zahedan Prison, where he was held until the execution took place.

Iran has the highest execution rate per capita in the world, according to international organizations. As The Statistics and Publication Center of the Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA) reports, in the period between 1 January 2020 and 20 December 2020, at least 236 people were executed and  95 people were sentenced to death.

Two of the executed were underage and one was carried out in public. As the report points out, Iran’s judicial authorities do not publicly announce 72% of carried-out executions, dubbed as “secret executions” by human rights organizations.

At the time of writing, this execution has not been announced by Iranian media and official sources.

It is Time that Iran be Held Accountable 

HRANA – Last month the world turned its attention to Iran for its seemingly arbitrary transfer of a detained British-Australian academic. Kylie Moore-Gilbert, who was detained in September 2018 and is serving a ten-year sentence, was moved from the notorious Evin Prison to an unspecified location. When Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) released the report, nearly every major media publication across the globe once again jumped to denounce her detention. Widespread speculation as to Moore-Gilbert’s whereabouts ensued. 

As a human rights professional who focuses on Iran, it was gratifying to see such a swift and appropriate response. However, what about the countless grave and horrific human rights violations that happen every day in this country? Violations that are so numerous that they have become seemingly rote. 

In the week following Moore-Gilbert’s transfer, peaceful protestors outside Iran’s Ministry of Petroleum were violently attacked by Regime Security Forces. In the month of October, at least 130 Iranians were arrested for activities related to their political or ideological beliefs; 83 of which involved the detention of individuals participating in peaceful gatherings related to the ongoing Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict. 

Iran carried out 19 hangings in the month of October alone, sentencing an additional 8 to that same fate throughout the month.

At least 12 members of the Baháʼí religious minority were barred from entering university based solely on their religious beliefs. One man received 80 lashes for converting to Christianity; a thief was sentenced to having his hand amputated.

Iranian courts tried more than 70 political cases which resulted in convictions that totaled 295 years in prison and 2,590 lashes.  A cleric was summoned to court for suggesting there was no problem with women riding a bicycle, an activity for which all women in the country are banned. Two women, sentenced to 33 months each for writing a letter requesting the resignation of the Supreme Leader, were summoned by authorities to begin serving their time. A teacher was sentenced to 45 lashes for drawing a cartoon.

This list is by no means exhaustive. 

These violations are not a secret. HRANA, the very source that initially reported on Moore-Gilbert’s move, reported and continues to report on the numerous human rights violations happening daily in Iran against Iranians, as well as dual and foreign nationals. There remains little to no response.

Detained British-Australian academic Kylie Moore-Gilbert

Why is this? 

I do not have the answer to that question, but I do know the differences these cases bear. The violations listed above are against Iranian citizens; Moore-Gilbert is a foreigner. Her case is, therefore, more appealing to the press it garners a more widespread response – and outcry. 

 

I’m reminded of a quote from Howard Bakerville, a young American who famously became a martyr of Iran’s Constitutional Revolution; he once said, “The only difference between me and these people is my place of birth, and that is not a big difference.” Today I fear there are times, unacceptably so, that this is the difference between life and death, between respect for rights and deprivation thereof. Will the world only shine the light on Iran when a Westerner is tangled in its web? Under international human rights law, States have a duty to respect, protect, and fulfill the rights of those within their jurisdiction. It’s time that Iran be held accountable to its own citizens just as it is to those dual and foreign nationals that find themselves trapped within the confines of a state where deprivation of fundamental human rights continues to be the norm. 

Moore-Gilbert has since been returned to Evin Prison. Her return, much like her move, was documented extensively. The reason for her move remains unknown.

 

Skylar Thompson

Skylar Thompson is a Senior Advocacy Coordinator with Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRAI). For inquiries please contact email: [email protected]

 

A Daily Overview of Human Rights Violations in Iran for December 19, 2018

The following is an overview of human rights violations in Iran on December 19th, 2018 based on the information compiled and verified by Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA).

(1) Nasrin Sotoudeh, the jailed human rights lawyer, who was sentence to five years imprisonment earlier this year, will face prosecution on her new charges on December 23. Also, Nader Fatourehchi confirmed that he faced persecution over his criticism of prison conditions after his detention in Fashafoyeh Prison. His court day will be on December 23, 2018.

(2) More than four protests were held in Iran.  Workers of Zanjan Bus Company, retired teachers and the education personnel of Kermanshah, and participants of entrance exam at Medical Branch of Islamic Azad University held protests on December 19, 2018.

(3) Iranian Parliament Committee on Culture requested investigation and additional information from Judiciary and intelligence department about Vahid Sayadi Nasiri, the imprisoned Iranian activist who died after a 60-day hunger strike.

(4) Siamak Namazi and Baquer Namazi ‘s appeals were denied. Siamak was sentenced to 10 years in prison for collaborating with a foreign government. Baquer who was a governor before the revolution is suffering from heart disease.

(5) A theatrical performance was canceled in Islamic Azad University of Quchan because of a mixed-gender play on the scene.

(6) On December 19, 2018, 11 detained workers of Iranian National Steel Industrial Group in Ahvaz were released on bail. Their names are the following: Seyed Habib Tabatabaei, Javad Gholami, Mohsen Baloti, Mehdi Tahmasbi, Kourosh Esmaeili, Ali Emami, Abdolreza Dasti, Sohrab Naami, Hossein Asakereh, Fariborz Sheikhrobat, and Seyed Ali Javadpour. On December 16, more than 43 workers of Iranian National Steel Industrial Group in Ahvaz had been arrested.

(7) City service workers of Borujerd have nine months of unpaid wages. Borujerd is a city in Lorestan province.

(8) Mohammad Mehdi Zamanzadeh,an internet activist, was temporary released from jail. Zamanzadeh, Mohammad Mohajer and Alireza Tavakoli were arrested in September 2018 and have been sentenced to five years imprisonment being accused of blasphemy related charges.

(9) Mehran Zahrakar is a detained author who is serving his two years sentence on charge with ‘insulting supreme leader’. He has been published several socio-political books.

(10) Shaho Sadeghi, a labor activist who was accused of ‘propaganda against the state’ for participating in International Workers’ Day protest, began serving his sentence on December 19,2018.

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A Daily Overview of Human Rights Violations in Iran for December 7, 2018

The following is an overview of human rights violations in Iran on December 7th, 2018 based on the information compiled and verified by Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA).

(1) Two Citizens Were Saved from Execution

(2) An Execution in Bandar Abbas

(3) Security Agents Did not Allow People to Commemorate 20th Anniversary of Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Ja’far Pouyandeh Murders

(4) A Transgender Character Was Censored in an Iranian TV Series

(5) Two Citizens Were Saved from Execution

(6) More from Iran

   


(1) Two Citizens Were Saved from Execution

An individual who was arrested with a murder charge, finally was saved from execution in jail by the help of judicial authorities and victim’s family’s consent. This citizen had spent the last 17 years waiting for the execution in prison. The murder took place in 2001 in one of the villages of Sarab that is a city in East Azarbaijan province. In another case, a prisoner who was accused of murder and was sentenced to death, by the intercession of Imam of Friday prayers of Andimeshk and forgiveness of the next of kin, was saved from the gallows. Khodakaram Rahimi, the head of Andimeshk’s judiciary office said “we have 15 million cases in the judicial office and with the help of reconciliation committees, they are investigating precisely and quickly. Andimeshk is a city in Khuzestan province.

(2) An Execution in Bandar Abbas

Jamshid Agha Rahimi, a prisoner who was accused of murder was executed on December 4th,2018 in the Bandar Abbas central prison. An informed source said: Jamshid was a resident of Haji Abad. 15 days before his execution, he was transferred from Haji Abad to the Bandar Abbas prison. He was accused of murdering a man who harassed Jamshid’s sister in 2014. His execution has not been announced from Iran’s media yet.

(3) Security Agents Did not Allow People to Commemorate 20th Anniversary of Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Ja’far Pouyandeh Murders

Earlier this week, Iranian Writers Association invited people to commemorate 20th anniversary of Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Ja’far Pouyandeh murders in Emamzadeh Taher cemetery in Karaj in Alborz province. But today, security agents came to the cemetery and did not allow people to mark the anniversary of their deaths. Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Ja’far Pouyandeh were among the victims of chain murders in Iran. The chain murders of Iran were the assassination in the string of disappearances and suspicious deaths of intellectuals and political figures in the second half of 1998. After Mokhtari was reported missing, the body of Mohammad Ja’far Puyandeh was found near Karaj. The case of these four individuals became known as the chain murders.Prior to their murder, Dariush and Parvaneh Foruhar, leaders of the Iran Nation Party, were brutally murdered in their house.

(4) Masoud Babapour Faced Prison

A political activist, Masoud Babapour, was sentenced to 13 years in prison and was banned from social rights for two years with the charges of propaganda against the regime and acting against the national security. He was arrested on November 27th, 2009 and after several months of interrogation, was sentenced to two years in prison back then.

(5) A Transgender Character Was Censored in an Iranian TV Series

Nima Shabannejad, the actor who played a transgender character in an earlierly- banned Iranian TV series, Mamnoee, announced his disagreement on the censorship of his role in this TV series.

(6) More from Iran

The Ministry of Oil has decreased natural gas allowance per household by the verge of winter.

Teachers in Kermanshah announced their solidarity with the worker and student protests.

A teacher who had physically punished a student in a school in Hamedan was suspended and the school’s principal and his assistant principal were dismissed.

A Daily Overview of Human Rights Violations in Iran for December 6, 2018

The following is an overview of human rights violations in Iran on December 6th, 2018 based on the information compiled and verified by Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA).

Continue reading “A Daily Overview of Human Rights Violations in Iran for December 6, 2018”

18 Dervishes starving to death; prison warden says “So what?”

Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) – In the past month alone, eighteen hunger striking Gonabadi Dervish prisoners in Iran have been beaten with batons, tased, and electrically shocked – and now, the prison’s warden has outwardly stated that it is not his concern if they die.

The prisoners were first beaten by prison guards at Great Tehran Penitentiary on August 29th, after they held a sit-in to protest the beating of female members of their religious minority in Gharchak Prison in Tehran’s east. After guards violently broke up the sit-in, 18 Dervishes were transferred to solitary confinement, and all 18 went on hunger strike in protest. To date, they have not had a single meal, or any food at all, in more than 30 days.

When some of their fellow cellmates expressed concerns about the physical conditions of some of the hunger strikers, the prison’s warden, known only as Farzadi, responded thusly: “So what if they die?”

According to Majzooban Noor, a news website that focuses on Dervish issues, the hunger strikers are suffering from vertigo and reduced blood pressure. Specifically, the physical condition of Mojtaba Biranvand has been described as critical. He had previously been sent to a clinic due to severe physical weakness. Refusing to break his hunger strike, he has rejected supplemental injections.

Abbas Dehghan, another hunger striker held in the same penitentiary, has only one kidney and is greatly suffering from the toll the strike has taken on him.

The August 29th attack targeted Dervishes in ward 3 of the prison. Eighteen Dervishes from Section 4 who protested the treatment of their fellow prisoners were also sent to solitary.

Previously, on September 1st, HRANA reported that three Dervishes had gone on hunger strike: Ali Bolboli, Salehodin Moradi and Mohammad Reza Darvishi. On September 2nd, Majzooban Noor added six more hunger strikers to the list: Abbas Dehghan, Ali Mohammad Shahi, Mojtaba Biranvand, Ali Karimi, Jafar Ahmadi, and Ebrahim Allahbakhshi, On Monday, three more people joined them: Heydar Teymoori, Majid Yarahmadi, and Saeed Soltanoor. On Tuesday, five more dervishes joined the hunger strike: Babak Taghian, Ehsan Malekmohammadi, Sekhavat Salimi, Reza Bavi and Akbar Dadashi. The last Dervish to join was Majid Rashidi.

The Dervishes demand the end to the house arrest of their spiritual leader, Noor Ali Tabandeh. Their other demands include releasing female dervish prisoners from Gharchak Prison and reuniting all imprisoned dervishes in one single section of the GTP.

All of the Dervishes were arrested in relation to what has become known as the Golestan Haftom incident, named after the street on which it occurred. The incident occurred when a gathering of several hundred Gonabadi Dervishes was violently confronted by Iranian police and plainclothes members of the Revolutionary Guard’s Basij faction outside the residence of their spiritual leader, Noor Ali Tabandeh. The Dervishes had gathered to prevent his possible arrest.

In the violence that followed, hundreds were injured and many arrested. Though Iranian judicial authorities estimate that around 300 people have been arrested in connection with Golestan Haftom, HRANA has thus far published the names of 324 arrestees and estimates that the actual number is considerably higher.qqqgonabado

Against doctor’s orders, authorities take Arash Sadeghi back to prison after surgery

Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) – Arash Sadeghi, a human rights activist imprisoned in Rajai Shahr Prison in Karaj, underwent a critical operation on September 12th for malignant bone cancer at Imam Khomeini hospital and was returned to prison just three days later, against the orders of his doctor.

According to an informed source, an individual introducing himself a judicial official insisted on the early transfer against the clear orders of doctors.

Sadeghi’s doctor had instructed that he be hospitalized under close medical supervision for at least 25 days following a very difficult surgery, said the source. According to the source, the doctor explained that Arash needs to stay in the hospital as he requires a medical team in case of stroke, infection, or severe fever. Furthermore, the medical team needs the 25 days to determine whether a patient will require chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or additional surgery.”

A source with information about Sadeghi’s condition told HRANA that specialists had determined Sadeghi needed to be hospitalized three days prior to his surgery, due to an irregular heartbeat and severe weakness, so Sadeghi could be prepared for the intensive surgery through proper nutrition and vitamin injections.

The surgical department had contacted the prison several times on September 8th, asking for Sadeghi’s transfer. Prison officials claimed, however, that the prosecution office had not issued the necessary permits for his early hospitalization. Just one day remaining until his surgery, the authorities finally transferred Sadeghi to the hospital on September 11th.

The source added that there was a heavy presence of plainclothes agents, whose organizational affiliation was unclear, in the cancer department of the hospital since early Tuesday, before Arash arrived.

Sadeghi’s surgery time had been given to another patient due to his late transfer, however, the doctor responsible for Sadeghi reportedly managed to secure an operating table. Sadeghi underwent a 7.5-hour operation, beginning on the morning of Wednesday, September 12th. Doctors removed a bone tumor from his right arm and collarbone, and samples were collected from areas suspected of metastasis, such as his rib cage and underarm. Bone taken from his pelvis was mixed with platelets and special [injectable] cement to replace the removed sections of his arm bone.

The source said that agents imposed restrictions on Sadeghi from the moment the surgery ended, thus complicating his recovery process. They prevented his stay in the recovery room as required by post-surgery procedure.

“While he was still unconscious, they handcuffed and shackled his left hand and leg, and blockaded the area around his bed, a move that prevented his doctor’s required constant checkups, and which was protested by his doctor,” the source said.

According to the source, Sadeghi suffered from wounds similar to bedsores from having to lie on his back due to handcuffs on one hand and operation bandages on the other.

Sadeghi was allowed to use the bathroom only three times a day, accompanied by three agents each time. The inhumane conditions and the restrictions imposed on Sadeghi provoked negative reactions from the hospital staff, and in several cases led to verbal altercations between them and the security agents.

Arash Sadeghi was not allowed any visitors during his stay at the hospital. His wife, Golrokh Iraee, remains imprisoned at Evin Prison serving a six year sentence.

Baha’i Crackdown Intensifies with Three More Arrests in Karaj

Human Rights Activist News Agency (HRANA) – Crackdowns on Iran’s Baha’i community continued this week with the arrest of three residents of the northwestern Tehran suburb of Karaj, who were transferred to Evin Prison on Sunday, September 16th and are now being held on approximately $23,000 USD (3 billion IRR) bail.

Maryam Ghaffarmanesh, Jamileh Pakrou, and Kianoush Salmanzadeh–participants in an environmental education session led by Ghaffarmanesh and hosted in the private residence of Ramin Sedighi–were arrested when intelligence agents showed up demanding their cell phones and pressing them to fill out personal information forms.

After confiscating Sedighi’s hard drive, pamphlets, and religious materials, the agents moved on to search Pakrou’s residence, a close source told HRANA.

Ghaffarmanesh, Pakrou, and Salmanzadeh were transferred to Evin Prison. Ghaffarmanesh’s family learned of her bail some 20 hours later, on a call with her from ward 209 of the prison.

The same day, HRANA reported that intelligence ministry agents had arrested and searched the homes of six Baha’i residents of the central Iranian city of Shiraz: Soudabeh Haghighat, Noora Pourmoradian, Elaheh Samizadeh, Ehsan Mahboob Rahvafa, and a married couple, Navid Bazmandegan and Bahareh Ghaderi.

Shiraz had already seen a string of Baha’i arrests one month earlier that landed a number of its residents in an intelligence ministry detention center.

On the morning of September 19th, Baha’i Yazd resident Mehran Bandi Amirabadi was released after being held in custody for 43 days without a warrant. After being tried with six other Baha’i citizens in Branch 3 of Yazd Appeals Court, located in central Iran, Amirabadi was sentenced to one and a half years in prison and one year in exile to be served in Divandareh, a remote city in Iranian Kurdistan.

Mehran Bandi Amirabadi

Iranian Baha’i citizens are systematically deprived of religious freedoms, in contravention of international treaties including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Based on unofficial sources, more than 300,000 Baha’is live in Iran. Iran’s Constitution, however, only recognizes Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, and does not acknowledge the Baha’i faith as an official religion. Consequently, the rights of Baha’is are systematically violated in Iran.